Latest Posts by the-poet-soul - Page 3
To be a man
you don’t need
to bind your breasts
outie genitals
a superiority complex
butt hair
you do need
to be as swift as a coursing river
with all the force of a great typhoon
with all the strength of a raging fire
mysterious as the dark side of the moon
Nikola Tesla Shares His Lifetime’s Work and Discoveries on 81st Birthday
“At the close of 1889, having worked one year in the shops of George Westinghouse, Pittsburgh, I experienced so great a longing for resuming my interrupted investigations that, notwithstanding a very tempting proposition by him, I left for New York to take up my laboratory work, but owing to pressing demands by several foreign scientific societies I made a trip to Europe where I lectured before the Institution of Electrical Engineers and Royal Institution of London and the Societe de Physique in Paris. After this and a brief visit to my home in Yugoslavia I returned to this country in 1892 eager to devote myself to the subject of predilection on my thoughts: the study of the universe.
"During the succeeding two years of intense concentration I was fortunate enough to make two far-reaching discoveries. The first was a Dynamic Theory of Gravity, which I have worked out in all details and hope to give to the world very soon. It explains the causes of this force and the motions of heavenly bodies under its influence so satisfactorily that it will put an end to idle speculations and false conceptions, as that of curved space. According to the relativists, space has a tendency to curvature owing to an inherent property or presence of celestial bodies. Granting a semblance of reality to this fantastic idea, it is still self-contradictory. Every action is accompanied by an equivalent reaction and the effects of the latter are directly opposite to those of the former. Supposing that the bodies act upon the surrounding space causing curvature of the same, it appears to my simple mind that the curved spaces must react on the bodies and, producing the opposite effects, straighten out the curves, Since action and reaction are coexistent, it follows that the supposed curvature of space is entirely impossible. But even if it existed it would not explain the motions of the bodies as observed. Only the existence of a field of force can account for them and its assumption dispenses with space curvature. All literature on this subject is futile and destined to oblivion. So are also all attempts to explain the workings of the universe without recognizing the existence of the ether and the indispensable function it plays in the phenomena.
"My second discovery was a physical truth of the greatest importance. As I have searched the scientific records in more than half dozen languages for a long time without finding the least anticipation, I consider myself the original discoverer of this truth, which can be expressed by the statement: There is no energy in matter other than that received from the environment. On my 79th birthday I made a brief reference to it, but its meaning and significance have become clearer to me since then. It applies rigorously to molecules and atoms as well as the largest heavenly bodies, and to all matter in the universe in any phase of its existence from its very formation to its ultimate disintegration.
"Being perfectly satisfied that all energy in matter is drawn from the environment, it was quite natural that when radioactivity was discovered in 1896. I immediately started a search for the external agent which caused it. The existence of radioactivity was positive proof of the existence of external rays. I had previously investigated various terrestrial disturbances affecting wireless circuits but none of them or any others emanating from the earth could produce a steady sustained action and I was driven to the conclusion that the activating rays were of cosmic origin. This fact I announced in my papers on Roentgen rays and Radiations contributed to the Electrical Review of New York, in 1897. However, as radioactivity was observed equally well in other widely separated parts of the world, it was obvious that the rays must be impinging on the earth from all directions. Now, of all bodies in the cosmos, our sun was most likely to furnish a clue as to their origin and character. Before the electron theory was advanced, I had established that radioactive rays consisted of particles of primary matter not further decomposable, and the first question to answer was whether the sun is charged to a sufficiently high potential to produce the effects noted. This called for a prolonged investigation which culminated in my finding that the sun’s potential was 216 billions of volts and that all such large and hot heavenly bodies emit cosmic rays. Through further solar research and observation of Novae this has been proved conclusively, and to deny it would be like denying the light and heat of the sun. Nevertheless, there are still some doubters who prefer to shroud the cosmic rays in deep mystery. I am sure that this is not true for there is no place where such a process occurs in this or any other universe beyond our ken.
"A few words will be sufficient in support of this contention. The kinetic and potential energy of a body is the result of motion and determined by the product of its mass and the square of velocity. Let the mass be reduced, the energy is diminished in the same proportion. If it be reduced to zero the energy is likewise zero for any finite velocity. In other words, it is absolutely impossible to convert mass into energy. It would be different if there were forces in nature capable of imparting to a mass infinite velocity. Then the product of zero mass with the square of infinite velocity would represent infinite energy. But we know that there are no such forces and the idea that mass is convertible into energy is rank nonsense.
"While the origin and character of the rays observed near the earth’s surface are sufficiently well ascertained, the so-called cosmic rays observed at great altitudes presented a riddle for more than 26 years, chiefly because it was found that they increased with altitude at a rapid rate. My investigations have brought out the astonishing fact that the effects at high altitudes are of an entirely different nature, having no relation whatever to cosmic rays. These are particles of matter projected from celestial bodies at very high temperature and charged to enormous electrical potentials. The effects at great elevations, on the other hand, are due to waves of extremely small lengths produced by the sun in a certain region in the atmosphere. This is the discovery which I wish to make known. The process involved in the generation of the waves is the following: The sun projects charged particles constituting an electric current which passes through a conducting stratum of the atmosphere approximately 10 kilometers thick enveloping the earth. This is a transmission of energy exactly as I illustrated in my experimental lectures in which one end of a wire is connected to an electric generator of high potential, its other end being free. In this case the generator is represented by the sun and the wire by the conducting air. The passage of the solar current involves the transference of electric charges from particle to particle with the speed of light, thus resulting in the production of extremely short and penetrating waves. As the air stratum mentioned is the source of the waves it follows that the so-called cosmic rays observed at great altitudes must increase as this stratum is approached. My researches and calculations have brought to light the following facts in this connection:
(1) the intensity of the so-called cosmic rays must be greatest in the zenithal portion of atmosphere;
(2) the intensity should increase more and more rapidly up to an elevation of about 20 kilometers where the conducting air stratum begins;
(3) from there on the intensity should fall, first slowly and then more rapidly, to an insignificant value at an altitude of about 30 kilometers;
(4) the display of high potential must occur on the free end of the terrestrial wire, that is to say, on the side turned away from the sun. The current from the latter is supplied at a pressure of about 216 billion volts and there is a difference of 2 billion volts between the illuminated and the dark side of the globe. The energy of this current is so great that it readily accounts for the aurora and other phenomena observed in the atmosphere and at the earth’s surface.
"For the time being I must content myself with the announcement of the salient facts, but in due course I expect to be able to give more or less accurate technical data relating to all particulars of this discovery.
"To go to another subject, I have devoted much of my time during the year to the perfecting of a new small and compact apparatus by which energy in considerable amounts can now be flashed through interstellar space to any distance without the slightest dispersion, I had in mind to confer with my friend George E. Hale, the great astronomer and solar expert, regarding the possible use of this invention in connection with his own researches. In the meantime, however, I am expecting to put before the Institute of France an accurate description of the devices with data and calculations and claim the Pierre Guzman Prize of 100,000 francs for means of communication with other worlds, feeling perfectly sure that it will be awarded to me. The money, of course, is a trifling consideration, but for the great historical honor of being the first to achieve this miracle I would be almost willing to give my life.
"My most important invention from a practical point of view is a new form of tube with apparatus for its operation. In 1896 I brought out a high potential targetless tube which I operated successfully with potentials up to 4 million volts from ‘96 to ‘98. This device was adopted by many imitators and with slight modifications it is employed even now in all research laboratories and scientific institutions here and in other countries, and virtually all atomic investigations are carried on with it. At a later period I managed to produce very much higher potentials up to 18 million volts, and then I encountered unsurmountable difficulties which convinced me that it was necessary to invent an entirely different form of tube in order to carry out successfully certain ideas I had conceived. This task I found far more difficult than I had expected, not so much in the construction as in the operation of the tube. For many years I was baffled in my efforts, although I made a steady slow progress. Finally though, I was rewarded with complete success and I produced a tube which it will be hard to improve further. It is of ideal simplicity, not subject to wear and can be operated at any potential, however high, that can be produced. It will carry heavy currents, transform any amount of energy within practical limits, and it permits easy control and regulation of the same. I expect that this invention, when it becomes known, will be universally adopted in preference to other forms of tubes, and that it will be the means of obtaining results undreamed of before. Among others, it will enable the production of cheap radium substitutes in any desired quantity and will be, in general, immensely more effective in the smashing of atoms and the transmutation of matter. I am hopeful that it will be possible by its use to carry out a process in which there should be no misses whatever, but only hits. However, this tube will not open up a way to utilize atomic or subatomic energy for power purposes. According to the physical truth I have discovered there is no available energy in atomic structure, and even if there were any, the input will always greatly exceed the output, precluding profitable, practical use of the liberated energy.
"Some papers have reported that I had promised to give a full description of my tube and its accessories on the present occasion. This has caused me a considerable annoyance–as, owing to some obligations I have undertaken regarding the application of the tube for important purposes, I am unable to make a complete disclosure now. But as soon as I am relieved of these obligations a technical description of the device and of all the apparatus will be given to scientific institutions.
"There is one more discovery which I want to announce at this time, consisting of a new method and apparatus for the obtainment of vacua exceeding many times the highest heretofore realized. I think that as much as one-billionth of a micron can be attained. What may be accomplished by means of such vacua is a matter of conjecture, but it is obvious that they will make possible the production of much more intense effects in electron tubes. My ideas regarding the electron are at variance with those generally entertained. I hold that it is a relatively large body carrying a surface charge and not an elementary unit. When such an electron leaves an electrode of extremely high potential and in very high vacuum, it carries an electrostatic charge many times greater than the normal. This may astonish some of those who think that the particle has the same charge in the tube and outside of it in the air. A beautiful and instructive experiment has been contrived by me showing that such is not the case, for as soon as the particle gets out into the atmosphere it becomes a blazing star owing to the escape of the excess charge.
"The great quantity of electricity stored on the particle is responsible for the difficulties encountered in the operation of certain tubes and the rapid deterioration of the same.”
–Nikola Tesla
“Dynamic Theory of Gravity.” July 10, 1937 (Prior to interviews with the press on his 81st birthday observance).
My Translation of Nikola Tesla’s Poem
By J. J. Jones
“Fragments of Olympian Gossip.” By Nikola Tesla
While listening on my cosmic phone (Nikola Tesla listening to his receiving device in his laboratory)
I caught words from the Olympus blown. (He’s eavesdropping on heaven, or Olympus, where the Gods of science live)
A newcomer was shown around; (A well-known scientist must have passed away on earth and is being shown around heaven)
That much I could guess, aided by sound. (From what Tesla could hear through his device)
“There’s Archimedes with his lever.” (The mysterious chaperone points out Archimedes)
“Still busy on problems as ever.” (Who even in the afterlife is still working on his mathematical problems)
“Says: matter and force are transmutable.” (Archimedes thought matter and force can be changed from one nature to another)
“And wrong the laws you thought immutable.” (The newcomer must have thought force and matter were unalterable)
“Below, on Earth, they work at full blast.” (Earth is busy as always)
“And news are coming in thick and fast.” (News from earth to heaven)
“The latest tells of a cosmic gun.” (Around the time this poem was conducted Guglielmo Marconi was frightening the public with a “ray-gun” for war)
“To be pelted is very poor fun.” (violence is immoral)
“We are wary with so much at stake,” (Heaven is wary of mankind)
“Those beggars are a pest—no mistake.” (The attention seekers of science are becoming nuisances)
“Too bad, Sir Isaac, they dimmed your renown.” (The newcomer finally speaks to his chaperone, who we now learn is Isaac Newton)
“And turned your great science upside down.” (Modern science is ruining Newtonian physics)
“Now a long haired crank, Einstein by name,” (Albert Einstein)
“Puts on your high teaching all the blame.” (Einstein’s theories oppose Newtonian physics)
“Says: matter and force are transmutable.” (Einstein, like Archimedes, thought force and matter is interchangeable. Issac Newton believed matter and force are unalterable)
“And wrong the laws you thought immutable.” (Einstein’s physics suggest that Newtonian physics are false)
“I am much too ignorant, my son,” (Issac Newton speaking again)
“For grasping schemes so finely spun.” (Referring to Einstein’s metaphysics)
“My followers are of stronger mind” (Those scientists who still follow Newtonian physics and cause and effect)
“And I am content to stay behind,” (He’ll stick with his own theories and let science go in err)
“Perhaps I failed, but I did my best,”
“These masters of mine may do the rest.” (Nikola Tesla)
“Come, Kelvin, I have finished my cup.” (We now learn that the newcomer is Lord Kelvin. He was a great scientist and a good friend of Tesla’s who had passed away in 1907.)
“When is your friend Tesla coming up?” (Newton asking Kelvin when Tesla will join them in Olympus)
“Oh, quoth Kelvin, he is always late, (Tesla was never on time)
"It would be useless to remonstrate.” (And it’s pointless to try and change it)
Then silence—shuffle of soft slippered feet—(End of conversation between Kelvin and Newton)
I knock and—the bedlam of the street. (Tesla departs from his dream and his laboratory into the busy streets of New York City)
(Poem written by Nikola Tesla in the 1920s to his friend George Sylvester Viereck.)
dean winchester as my personal mood board
°annoyed by everyone and everything°mood
°food all day long° mood
°ready to kill everyone that looks in my direction° mood
°sassy sarcastic king° mood
°cocky bastard° mood
°fuck the world that disappointed me far too many times° mood
°you’re annoying me but imma pretend i was fake annoyed just so i dont hurt your feelings even more° mood
°that did not just come out of your mouth° mood
°flirty but shy° mood
°happy mood but rare as a decent human being these days° mood
Arctic Monkeys // Do I Wanna Know?
Are fedoras really that bad?
YES YES THEY ARE
Nick and Norah’s Infinite Playlist (2008)
Brooches and Wall Art
Shimunia
#Etsy #Embroidery
Old Mill. Wow!
Two Kingdoms Masterlist
Summary: Y/N, set to be a queen, is taken on her wedding day by King James, the ruler of another land. At first glance James’ Kingdom seems to be thriving but Y/N soon realizes something darker and more sinister is at work in James’ land. And she seems to be at the center of it.
Part 1 // Part 2 // Part 3 // Part 4 // Part 5 // Part 6 // Part 7 // Part 8 // Part 9 // Part 10 // Part 11 // Part 12 // Part 13 // Part 14 // Part 15 // Part 16 // Part 17 // Part 18 // Part 19 // Part 20 // Part 21 // Part 22 // Epilogue
Disclaimer: These are online resources that I have found, They are not meant to be your only source of study, instead you can use them to your enhance your normal study. I don’t know what level these resources are aimed at, but I’ve tried to provide a range for a number of different topics.
The Body:
Teeth and Dentition
Take a look inside a cell (with some audio)
Explore human anatomy in 3D
Skeletal System
Muscular system
Cardiovascular system
Digestive system
Endocrine system
Nervous system
Immune/ Lymphatic system
Urinary system
Female reproductive system
Male reproductive system
What we didn’t know about penis anatomy - Ted Talks
Integumentary system
Sensory systems
3D Brain
Brain explorer program
How brains learn to see - Ted Talks
Body parts on a chip - Ted Talks
The real reason for brains - Ted Talks
A look inside the brain in real time - Ted Talks
Cells:
Amazing cells - inside a cell, how vesicles transport, communication during fight or flight, membranes.
Cell size and scale
The evolution of the cell
Interactive cell model
The inside story of cell communication
Stem cells - cell differentiation, stem cells in use, potential use, stem cell debate.
Cloning
Animals and Plants:
Interactive tree of life
Buds and Twigs (Background article: Buds and Twigs).
Seeds and Germination (Background article: Seed Structure).
Vegetative Reproduction (Background article: Vegetative Reproduction).
Vegetative Reproduction - Tropical Examples
Flower Structure
Flower Structure - Tropical Examples
The beautiful tricks of flowers - Ted Talks
Fruit Formation
Fruit Formation - Tropical Examples
Protista
Insect Life-Cycles
Insect - Tropical. The Citrus Swallowtail Butterfly, Papilio demodocus
Insects are awesome! - Ted talks
How a fly flies - Ted Talks
Fish: Characteristics
Fish: Tilapia
Amphibia
Birds
Fungi
6 ways mushrooms can save the world - Ted Talks
Animals that amaze - Ted Talks
Humble plants that hide surprising secrets - Ted Talks
Genetics:
Alien population games
Make a Karyotype (game)
Pigeon Breeding: Genetics At Work
The secret of the bat genome - Ted Talks
The hunt for “unexpected genetic heroes” -Ted Talks
What’s a Genome? - An informative overview of genomics presented by the Genome News Network. Topics include: What’s a Genome?, What’s Genome Sequencing? and What’s a Genome Map?
The Animated Genome - A 5 minute film about DNA.
Discovery of DNA - An interactive timeline of scientific discoveries
Heredity
Family Health History
Genetic Traits
Mendelian Inheritance
Mitochondrial Inheritance
Multifactorial Inheritance/Complex Disease
Sexual Heredity vs Asexual Heredity
RNA
Structure of the double helix
Chromosome Map 3D Animation - A 3D animation of a chromosome map
DNA Molecule - How DNA is Packaged - An animation of the packaging of DNA into chromosomes
Introduction to inherited traits
Chromosome and inheritance
Introduction to Medelian genetics
Introduction to pedigrees
Molecular genetics
What is DNA Replication?
Transcription (gene expression)
Translation
Replicating the Helix - A short animation of DNA replication
DNA Replication (Advanced Detail) - A detailed animation of DNA replication
X or Y: Does it make a difference?
Molecular basis of heredity, Nucleic Acids
Molecular basis of heredity, Genomes
Molecular basis of heredity, Genetic variation
Molecular basis of heredity, gene identification
The DNA Files - A series of 14 one-hour public radio documentaries and related information.
Understanding Gene Testing - An informative, illustrated tutorial on genes and genetic testing.
Epigenetics
Genetic science
Evolution:
Genetic Drift
Natural Selection
Origins of Genetic Variation
Health:
Genetic disorders
Pharmacogenomics
Family health history
Gene therapy
Fighting a contagious cancer - Ted Talks
Other:
Biology GCSE & IGCSE Question Bank
Can Bacteria Be Designed to Create Gasoline?
Model Earth (Ecology)
Extreme Environments: Great Salt Lake
Astrobiology
The Human Microbiome
The Science of Addiction: Genetics and the Brain
Virtual labs
Biology textbook
Biology Experiments
Where are the baby dinosaurs? - Ted Talks
Digging up dinosaurs - Ted Talks
100 Best (Free) Science Documentaries Online
More Biology documentaries and videos
Ocean wonders -Ted Talks
The sea we’ve hardly seen - Ted Talks
A census of the ocean - Ted Talks
Deep ocean mysteries and wonders - Ted Talks
The weird, wonderful world of bioluminescence - Ted Talks
Online Lessons and Guides:
Chemistry of life
Elements and atoms – elements and atoms, matter, elements and atoms, introduction to the atom, atomic number, atomic mass, and isotopes.
Electron shells and orbitals – orbitals, electronic configuration, valence electrons, groups of the periodic table, the periodic table, electron shells, and orbitals.
Chemical bonds and reactions – ionic, covalent and metallic bonds, electronegativity and bonding, intermolecular forces, chemical bonds, chemical reactions introduction and chemical reactions
Water, Acids and bases:
Hydrogen bonding in water – hydrogen bonding in water, hydrogen bonds in water, water as a solvent, solvent properties of water.
Cohesion And adhesion – capillary action and why we see a meniscus, surface tension, cohesion and adhesion in water
Temperature and state changes in water – LeBron asks why does sweating cool you down, evaporative cooling, heat of vaporisation of water and ethanol, specific heat of water, liquid water denser than ice, specific heat, heat of vaporisation, and density of water
Acids, bases and pH – autoionisation of water, Arrhenius definition of acids and bases, bronsted-Lowry definition of acits and bases, definition of pH, acids bases, pH and buffers
Cellular and molecular biology
Cells – diffusion and osmosis, nucleim membranes, ribosomes, eukaryotws and prokaryotes, endoplasmic reticulum and golgi bodies, chromosomes, chromatids, and chromatin.
Introduction to cell division - Fertilization terminology: gametes, zygotes, haploid and diploid, zygote differentiating into somatic and germ cells
Mitosis – interphase, mitosis, phases of mitosis, mitosis questions.
Meiosis – comparison of mitosis and meiosis, chromosomal crossover in meiosis 1, phases of meiosis 1, phases of meiosis 2.
Stem cells and cancer – embryonic stem cells, cancer.
Cellular respiration – ATP, ATP hydrolysis mechanism, introduction to cellular mechanism, oxidation and reduction review from biological point of view, oxidation and reduction in cellular respiration, glycolysis, krebs cycle, elctron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation and chemiosmosis.
Photosynthesis – light reactions, photophosphorylation, calvin cycle, photorespiration, C-4 photosynthesis, cam plants
Human Biology:
Circulator and pulmonary systems – the lungs, red blood cells, circulatory system, haemoglobin.
The neuron and nervous system – neuron anatomy, sodium potassium pump, action potentials, salutatory conduction, neuronal synapses.
The kidney and nephron – kidney and nephonr, secondary active transport.
Muscles – myosin and actin, tropomyosin and troponin, role of sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells, anatomy of skeletal muscle fibre.
Immunology – phagocytes, immune responses, b lymphocytes, antigen presenting cells and MHC II complexes, helper T cells, cytotoxic t cells and MHC I complexes, review of cells, inflammatory response.
Heredity and evolution
Evolution and natural selection – introduction, ape clarification, intelligent design and evolution, natural selection and the owl butterfly, variation in a spcies.
Heredity and genetics – introduction, Punnett squares, allele frequency, Hardy Weinberg equation, sex linked traits, DNA, RNA transcription and translation, alleles and genes.
Tree of life – taxonomy and the tree of life, species, bacteria, human prehistory
Crash Course
Biology and ecology – pollution, conservation, ecosystems, nitrogen cycle, history of life on earth, population growth.
(Spotlight Lessons): Ecology
Estimating Population Size – simulate mark and recapture by using small objects to trap and tag. A simple formula will tell you what the overall population size is which can be verified by counting the objects in the bag.
Owl Pellet Dissection – owl pellets are undigested bits of fur and bones that owls regurgitate. Students can examine the contents, reconstruct the skeleton of the prey and make inferences about the owl’s diet.
Interpreting Ecological Data – examine charts, data tables and graphs to answer questions about population size, growth, and carrying capacity.
Biome Project – as a group, investigate a biome and present to the class the main features, animal and plant species present and general climate.
Isopod Behavior Lab – collect isopods (pillbugs) and design a chamber to test their response to different environments, such as temperature, moisture, and substrate.
Drake Equation
What do we need to know about to discover life in space? How can we estimate the number of technological civilizations that might exist among the stars? While working as a radio astronomer at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory in Green Bank, West Virginia, Dr. Frank Drake conceived an approach to bound the terms involved in estimating the number of technological civilizations that may exist in our galaxy. The Drake Equation, as it has become known, was first presented by Drake in 1961 and identifies specific factors thought to play a role in the development of such civilizations. Although there is no unique solution to this equation, it is a generally accepted tool used by the scientific community to examine these factors.
N = The number of civilizations in the Milky Way Galaxy whose electromagnetic emissions are detectable.
R∗ = The rate of formation of stars suitable for the development of intelligent life.
fp = The fraction of those stars with planetary systems.
ne = The number of planets, per solar system, with an environment suitable for life.
fl = The fraction of suitable planets on which life actually appears.
fi = The fraction of life bearing planets on which intelligent life emerges.
fc = The fraction of civilizations that develop a technology that releases detectable signs of their existence into space.
L = The length of time such civilizations release detectable signals into space.
Original estimates
R∗ = 1 yr−1 (1 star formed per year, on the average over the life of the galaxy; this was regarded as conservative)
fp = 0.2 to 0.5 (one fifth to one half of all stars formed will have planets)
ne = 1 to 5 (stars with planets will have between 1 and 5 planets capable of developing life)
fl = 1 (100% of these planets will develop life)
fi = 1 (100% of which will develop intelligent life)
fc = 0.1 to 0.2 (10–20% of which will be able to communicate)
L = 1000 to 100,000,000 years (which will last somewhere between 1000 and 100,000,000 years)
Within the limits of our existing technology, any practical search for distant intelligent life must necessarily be a search for some manifestation of a distant technology. In each of its last four decadal reviews, the National Research Council has emphasized the relevance and importance of searching for evidence of the electromagnetic signature of distant civilizations.
Besides illuminating the factors involved in such a search, the Drake Equation is a simple, effective tool for stimulating intellectual curiosity about the universe around us, for helping us to understand that life as we know it is the end product of a natural, cosmic evolution, and for making us realize how much we are a part of that universe. A key goal of the SETI Institute is to further high quality research that will yield additional information related to any of the factors of this fascinating equation. seti.org (read more)
Superfluidity consists of an anomalous liquid state of quantum nature which is under a very low temperature behaving as if it had no viscosity and exhibiting an abnormally high heat transfer. This phenomenon was observed for the first time in liquid helium and has applications not only in theories about liquid helium but also in astrophysics and theories of quantum gravitation.
Helium only ends boiling at 2.2 K and is when it becomes helium-II (superfluid helium), getting a thermal conductivity increased by a million times, in addition to becoming a superconductor. Its viscosity tends to zero, hence, if the liquid were placed in a cubic container it would spread all over the surface. Thus, the liquid can flow upwards, up the walls of the container. If the viscosity is zero, the flexibility of the material is non-existent and the propagation of waves on the material occurs under infinite velocity.
Because it is a noble gas, helium exhibits little intermolecular interaction. The interactions that it presents are the interactions of Van der Waals. As the relative intensity of these forces is small, and the mass of the two isotopes of helium is small, the quantum effects, usually disguised under the thermal agitation, begin to appear, leaving the liquid in a state in which the particles behave jointly, under effect of a single wave function. In the two liquids in which cases of superfluidity are known, that is, in isotopes 3 and 4 of helium, the first is composed of fermions whereas the second is composed of bosons. In both cases, the explanation requires the existence of bosons. In the case of helium-3, the fermions group in pairs, similar to what happens in the superconductivity with the Cooper pairs, to form bosons.
Helium’s liquidity at low temperatures allows it to carry out a transformation called Bose–Einstein condensation, in which individual particles overlap until they behave like one big particle.
Superfluid in astrophysics
The idea of superfluids existed within neutron stars was proposed by Russian physicist Arkady Migdal in 1959. Making an analogy with Cooper pairs that form within superconductors, it is expected that protons and neutrons in the nucleus of a star of neutrons with sufficient high pressure and low temperature behave in a similar way forming pairs of Cooper and generate the phenomena of superfluidity and superconductivity.
The existence of this phenomenon was proven by NASA in 2011 when analyzing the neutron star left by supernova Cassiopeia A.
sources: 1, 2, 3 & 4 animation: 1 & 2
How do you even write in circular gallifreyan? I tried to learn but i don't understand
Here’s my go for a Sherman’s Gallifreyan guide:
You start with drawing a circle:
Then you will look from the chart below (It only has consonants I’ll explain how vowels work soon) what kind of circle represents the letter you want to write.
Consonants take one of four forms and have dots, lines or neither. So if you want to write J it’s only one floating circle, K is the same kind of circle but with two dots and S is a half of circle with three lines. There is no C so you must write S or K instead depending on the sound.
For example the letter H looks like that ↑. The yellow part is the circle and two lines for H and the white circle is the word circle. The lines can go anywhere and if there are more letters that have lines they can also share lines.
Vowels are much smaller circles than consonants. They are usually attached to the preceding consonant, but they can also float on their own.
Those small circles which I have painted red and blue are the vowels.The photo shows where do they attach to different consonants (red circles) and how do they work on their own (blue circles).
I have added I to go with the H so that they form the word Hi
Here is the same word, but the letters are now seperatery and H shares one line with I. Both ways are correct. A vowel must stand on its own only when it has no consonant to attach to (a word starts with a vowel or you have two vowels in a row). Double letters are denoted by double circles. Words are read and written anticlocwise starting from the bottom.
Sentences are contained within two circles. The outer circle is to just to contain the sentence and the inner circle has punctuations. To fill empty space the inner circle also has those half circles which I have painted greeen in the photo below. They have no true meaning and they are done simply for style.
“Empress of Mars”I have marked the reading order with numbers. Just like a word, you read them starting from the bottom and then proceeding around anticlockwise. So you start the reading from the bottom with E. Number two is M, three is P, four is R, five is E and six a double letter SS. Then you move on to the next word. As you can see the consonants share some lines so it doesn’t look messy.
Punctuation are added along the edge of the inner sentence circle.For example dot is a small circle in the inner circle and apostrophe has two lines that go from the inner circle to the word circle.
“The idiot’s lantern” The apostrophe is coloured yellow.
Since I write Circular Gallifreyan very often I have made a photoshop document which has the charts and some frequently used words
(“muista” is Finnish for “remember” if you wondered. It’s to remind me about those lines)
The hardest thing about writing Circular Gallifreyan is making it look good and getting all the letters to fit nicely. I usually leave the other halves of half circles till I have the whole text done and then erase then.
This is a screenshot I took while doing the all things end -quote. At that time it didn’t even have all of the circles so you can believe it’s hard to remember which ones to erase.
That’s the finished quote ↑. It has several sentences and they are placed the same way as words to sentences and letters to words.
That’s the basics of it. I hope this clears things up for you. If not then just ask more. I’m bad at explaining things so I hope this is not too confusing.
Quantum entanglement
Quantum entanglement is a physical phenomenon that occurs when pairs or groups of particles are generated or interact in ways such that the quantum state of each particle cannot be described independently of the others, even when the particles are separated by a large distance—instead, a quantum state must be described for the system as a whole.
Measurements of physical properties such as position, momentum, spin, and polarization, performed on entangled particles are found to be appropriately correlated. For example, if a pair of particles are generated in such a way that their total spin is known to be zero, and one particle is found to have clockwise spin on a certain axis, the spin of the other particle, measured on the same axis, will be found to be counterclockwise, as to be expected due to their entanglement. However, this behavior gives rise to paradoxical effects: any measurement of a property of a particle can be seen as acting on that particle (e.g., by collapsing a number of superposed states) and will change the original quantum property by some unknown amount; and in the case of entangled particles, such a measurement will be on the entangled system as a whole. It thus appears that one particle of an entangled pair “knows” what measurement has been performed on the other, and with what outcome, even though there is no known means for such information to be communicated between the particles, which at the time of measurement may be separated by arbitrarily large distances.
up up→|↑〉|↑〉 down down→|↓〉|↓〉 up down→|↑〉|↓〉 down up→|↓〉 |↑〉
Such phenomena were the subject of a 1935 paper by Albert Einstein, Boris Podolsky, and Nathan Rosen, and several papers by Erwin Schrödinger shortly thereafter, describing what came to be known as the EPR paradox.
The EPR thought experiment, performed with electron–positron pairs. A source (center) sends particles toward two observers, electrons to Alice (left) and positrons to Bob (right), who can perform spin measurements.
Einstein and others considered such behavior to be impossible, as it violated the local realist view of causality (Einstein referring to it as “spooky action at a distance”) and argued that the accepted formulation of quantum mechanics must therefore be incomplete. Later, however, the counterintuitive predictions of quantum mechanics were verified experimentally.
Experiments have been performed involving measuring the polarization or spin of entangled particles in different directions, which—by producing violations of Bell’s inequality—demonstrate statistically that the local realist view cannot be correct. This has been shown to occur even when the measurements are performed more quickly than light could travel between the sites of measurement: there is no lightspeed or slower influence that can pass between the entangled particles. Recent experiments have measured entangled particles within less than one hundredth of a percent of the travel time of light between them. According to the formalism of quantum theory, the effect of measurement happens instantly.It is not possible, however, to use this effect to transmit classical information at faster-than-light speeds.
Quantum entanglement is an area of extremely active research by the physics community, and its effects have been demonstrated experimentally with photons, neutrinos, electrons, molecules the size of buckyballs, and even small diamonds. Research is also focused on the utilization of entanglement effects in communication and computation.
Watch the documentary: Microscopic Universe
Source: Wikipedia
Animal Reviews!
Source: facebook.com
“The Singular Misconception of the Wireless.”
By Nikola Tesla
“Famous Scientific Illusions.” Electrical Experimenter, February, 1919.
“To the popular mind this sensational advance conveys the impression of a single invention but in reality it is an art, the successful practice of which involves the employment of a great many discoveries and improvements. I viewed it as such when I undertook to solve wireless problems and it is due to this fact that my insight into its underlying principles was clear from their very inception.
“In the course of development of my induction motors it became desirable to operate them at high speeds and for this purpose I constructed alternators of relatively high frequencies. The striking behavior of the currents soon captivated my attention and in 1889 I started a systematic investigation of their properties and the possibilities of practical application. The first gratifying result of my efforts in this direction was the transmission of electrical energy through one wire without return, of which I gave demonstrations in my lectures and addresses before several scientific bodies here and abroad in 1891 and 1892. During that period, while working with my oscillation transformers and dynamos of frequencies up to 200,000 cycles per second, the idea gradually took hold of me that the earth might be used in place of the wire, thus dispensing with artificial conductors altogether. The immensity of the globe seemed an unsurmountable obstacle but after a prolonged study of the subject I became satisfied that the undertaking was rational, and in my lectures before the Franklin Institute and National Electric Light Association early in 1893 I gave the outline of the system I had conceived. In the latter part of that year, at the Chicago World’s Fair, I had the good fortune of meeting Prof. Helmholtz to whom I explained my plan, illustrating it with experiments. On that occasion I asked the celebrated physicist for an expression of opinion on the feasibility of the scheme. He stated unhesitatingly that it was practicable, provided I could perfect apparatus capable of putting it into effect but this, he anticipated, would be extremely difficult to accomplish.
Figs. 5 & 6. — A Section of the Earth and Its Atmospheric Envelope Drawn to Scale. It is Obvious That the Hertzian Rays Cannot Traverse So Thin a Crack Between Two Conducting Surfaces For Any Considerable Distance. Without Being Absorbed, Says Dr. Tesla, in Discussing the Ether Space Wave Theory.
"I resumed the work very much encouraged and from that date to 1896 advanced slowly but steadily, making a number of improvements the chief of which was my system of concatenated tuned circuits and method of regulation, now universally adopted. In the summer of 1897 Lord Kelvin happened to pass through New York and honored me by a visit to my laboratory where I entertained him with demonstrations in support of my wireless theory. He was fairly carried away with what he saw but, nevertheless, condemned my project in emphatic terms, qualifying it as something impossible, “an illusion and a snare.” I had expected his approval and was pained and surprised. But the next day he returned and gave me a better opportunity for explanation of the advances I had made and of the true principles underlying the system I had evolved. Suddenly he remarked with evident astonishment: “Then you are not making use of Hertz waves?” “Certainly not,” I replied, “these are radiations. No energy could be economically transmitted to a distance by any such agency. In my system the process is one of true conduction which, theoretically, can be effected at the greatest distance without appreciable loss.” I can never forget the magic change that came over the illustrious philosopher the moment he freed himself from that erroneous impression. The skeptic who would not believe was suddenly transformed into the warmest of supporters. He parted from me not only thoroughly convinced of the scientific soundness of the idea but strongly exprest his confidence in its success. In my exposition to him I resorted to the following mechanical analogues of my own and the Hertz wave system.
"Imagine the earth to be a bag of rubber filled with water, a small quantity of which is periodically forced in and out of the same by means of a reciprocating pump, as illustrated. If the strokes of the latter are effected in intervals of more than one hour and forty-eight minutes, sufficient for the transmission of the impulse through the whole mass, the entire bag will expand and contract and corresponding movements will be imparted to pressure gauges or movable pistons with the same intensity, irrespective of distance. By working the pump faster, shorter waves will be produced which, on reaching the opposite end of the bag, may be reflected and give rise to stationary nodes and loops, but in any case, the fluid being incompressible, its inclosure perfectly elastic, and the frequency of oscillations not very high, the energy will be economically transmitted and very little power consumed so long as no work is done in the receivers. This is a crude but correct representation of my wireless system in which, however, I resort to various refinements. Thus, for instance, the pump is made part of a resonant system of great inertia, enormously magnifying the force of the imprest impulses. The receiving devices are similarly conditioned and in this manner the amount of energy collected in them vastly increased.
Fig. 7. — The Theory Has Been Seriously Advanced and Taught that the Radio Ether Wave Oscillations Pass Around the Earth by Successive Reflections, as Here Shown. The Efficiency of Such a Reflector Cannot be more than 25 Per Cent; the Amount of Energy Recoverable is a 12,000-mile Transmission being but One Hundred and Fifteen Billionth Part of One Watt, with 1.000 Kilowatts at the Transmitter.
"The Hertz wave system is in many respects the very opposite of this. To explain it by analogy, the piston of the pump is assumed to vibrate to and fro at a terrific rate and the orifice thru which the fluid passes in and out of the cylinder is reduced to a small hole. There is scarcely any movement of the fluid and almost the whole work performed results in the production of radiant heat, of which an infinitesimal part is recovered in a remote locality. However incredible, it is true that the minds of some of the ablest experts have been from the beginning, and still are, obsest by this monstrous idea, and so it comes that the true wireless art, to which I laid the foundation in 1893, has been retarded in its development for twenty years. This is the reason why the “statics” have proved unconquerable, why the wireless shares are of little value and why the Government has been compelled to interfere.
"We are living on a planet of well-nigh inconceivable dimensions, surrounded by a layer of insulating air above which is a rarefied and conducting atmosphere (Fig. 5). This is providential, for if all the air were conducting the transmission of electrical energy thru the natural media would be impossible. My early experiments have shown that currents of high frequency and great tension readily pass thru an atmosphere but moderately rarefied, so that the insulating stratum is reduced to a small thickness as will be evident by inspection of Fig. 6, in which a part of the earth and its gaseous envelope is shown to scale. If the radius of the sphere is 12½”, then the non-conducting layer is only 1/64″ thick and it will be obvious that the Hertzian rays cannot traverse so thin a crack between two conducting surfaces for any considerable distance, without being absorbed. The theory has been seriously advanced that these radiations pass around the globe by successive reflections, but to show the absurdity of this suggestion reference is made to Fig. 7 in which this process is diagrammatically indicated. Assuming that there is no refraction, the rays, as shown on the right, would travel along the sides of a polygon drawn around the solid, and inscribed into the conducting gaseous boundary in which case the length of the side would be about 400 miles. As one-half the circumference of the earth is approximately 12,000 miles long there will be, roughly, thirty deviations. The efficiency of such a reflector cannot be more than 25 per cent, so that if none of the energy of the transmitter were lost in other ways, the part recovered would be measured by the fraction (¼)30. Let the transmitter radiate Hertz waves at the rate of 1,000 kilowatts. Then about one hundred and fifteen billionth part of one watt is all that would be collected in a perfect receiver. In truth, the reflections would be much more numerous as shown on the left of the figure, and owing to this and other reasons, on which it is unnecessary to dwell, the amount recovered would be a vanishing quantity.
Fig. 8. — This Diagram Illustrates How, During a Solar Eclipse, the Moon’s Shadow Passes Over the Earth With Changing Velocity, and Should Be Studied In Connection With Fig. 9. The Shadow Moves Downward With Infinite Velocity at First. Then With Its True Velocity Thru Space, and Finally With Infinite Velocity Again.
"Consider now the process taking place in the transmission by the instrumentalities and methods of my invention. For this purpose attention is called to Fig. 8, which gives an idea of the mode of propagation of the current waves and is largely self-explanatory. The drawing represents a solar eclipse with the shadow of the moon just touching the surface of the earth at a point where the transmitter is located. As the shadow moves downward it will spread over the earth’s surface, first with infinite and then gradually diminishing velocity until at a distance of about 6,000 miles it will attain its true speed in space. From there on it will proceed with increasing velocity, reaching infinite value at the opposite point of the globe. It hardly need be stated that this is merely an illustration and not an accurate representation in the astronomical sense.
Fig. 9. — Theory.
"The exact law will be readily understood by reference to Fig. 9, in which a transmitting circuit is shown connected to earth and to an antenna. The transmitter being in action, two effects are produced: Hertz waves pass through the air, and a current traverses the earth. The former propagate with the speed of light and their energy is unrecoverable in the circuit. The latter proceeds with the speed varying as the cosecant of the angle which a radius drawn from any point under consideration forms with the axis of symmetry of the waves. At the origin the speed is infinite but gradually diminishes until a quadrant is traversed, when the velocity is that of light. From there on it again increases, becoming infinite at the antipole. Theoretically the energy of this current is recoverable in its entirety, in properly attuned receivers.
Fig. 10. — Tesla’s World-Wide Wireless Transmission of Electrical Signals, As Well As Light and Power, Is Here Illustrated in Theory, Analogy and Realization. Tesla’s Experiments With 100 Foot Discharges At Potentials of Millions of Volts Have Demonstrated That the Hertz Warn Are Infinitesimal In Effect and Unrecoverable: the Recoverable Ground Waves of Tesla Fly "Through the Earth”. Radio Engineers Are Gradually Beginning to See the Light and That the Laws of Propagation Laid Down by Tesla Over a Quarter of a Century Ago Form the Real and True Basis of All Wireless Transmission To-Day.
“Some experts, whom I have credited with better knowledge, have for years contended that my proposals to transmit power without wires are sheer nonsense but I note that they are growing more cautious every day. The latest objection to my system is found in the cheapness of gasoline. These men labor under the impression that the energy flows in all directions and that, therefore, only a minute amount can be recovered in any individual receiver. But this is far from being so. The power is conveyed in only one direction, from the transmitter to the receiver, and none of it is lost elsewhere. It is perfectly practicable to recover at any point of the globe energy enough for driving an airplane, or a pleasure boat or for lighting a dwelling. I am especially sanguine in regard to the lighting of isolated places and believe that a more economical and convenient method can hardly be devised. The future will show whether my foresight is as accurate now as it has proved heretofore.”
“Those poor boys”
“She deserves to be punished too.”
“I’m not saying I support rape, but-”
“Sorry to say - she deserved it.”
“She put herself in harm’s way”
“But if she was fingered, then that’s not rape.”
“She ruined their lives.”
Copper isn’t magnetic but creates resistance in the presence of a strong magnetic field
Magnetic stirrer vortex
The next time someone asks me why I love DW, I'm gonna link them to this post...
“When you’re a kid, they tell you it’s all… grow up. Get a job. Get married. Get a house. Have a kid, and that’s it. But the truth is, the world is so much stranger than that. It’s so much darker. And so much madder. And so much better.” “You Know That in Nine Hundred Years of Time And Space And I’ve Never Met Anybody Who Wasn’t Important before.” “Courage isn’t just a matter of not being frightened, you know. It’s being afraid and doing what you have to do anyway.” “The very powerful and the very stupid have one thing in common. They don’t alter their views to fit the facts. They alter the facts to fit their views.” “For some people, small, beautiful events are what life is all about.” “You can always judge a man by the quality of his enemies.” “Some people live more in 20 years than others do in 80. It’s not the time that matters, it’s the person.” “There’s no point in being grown up if you can’t act a little childish sometimes.” “You know when sometimes, you meet someone so beautiful – and then you actually talk to them, and five minutes later they’re as dull as a brick; but then there’s other people. And you meet them and you think, ‘Not bad, they’re okay,’ and then when you get to know them… Their face just sort of becomes them, like their personality’s written all over it, and they just – they turn into something so beautiful.“ “If it’s time to go, remember what you’re leaving. Remember the best. My friends have always been the best of me.” “There’s a lot of things you need to get across this universe. Warp drive… wormhole refractors… You know the thing you need most of all? You need a hand to hold.” “I am and always will be the optimist. The hoper of far-flung hopes and the dreamer of improbable dreams.” "You don’t just give up. You don’t just let things happen. You make a stand! You say no! You have the guts to do what’s right, even when everyone else just runs away.” “There’s always something to look at if you open your eyes!” "There’s nothing "only” about being a girl, your Majesty.“ "Hey. Do you mind if I tell you a story? One you might not have heard. All the elements in your body were forged many many millions of years ago in the heart of a faraway star that exploded and died. That explosion scattered those elements across the desolations of deep space. After so, so many millions of years, these elements came together to form new stars and new planets. And on and on it went. The elements came together and burst apart, forming shoes and ships and sealing wax and cabbages and kings. Until, eventually, they came together to make you. You are unique in the universe. There is only one Merry Galel. And there will never be another. Getting rid of that existence isn’t a sacrifice, it’s a waste!” “The universe has to move forward. Pain and loss, they define us as much as happiness or love. Whether it’s a world, or a relationship… Everything has its time. And everything ends. ” “Everything’s got to end sometime; otherwise nothing would ever get started.” “We’re all stories in the end.” “Are all people like this? Like what? So much BIGGER on the inside?” “Homo sapiens! What an inventive, invincible species! It’s only been a few million years since they crawled up out of the mud and learned to walk. Puny, defenseless bipeds. They’ve survived flood, famine and plague. They’ve survived cosmic wars and holocausts. And now, here they are, out among the stars, waiting to begin a new life. Ready to outsit eternity. They’re indomitable… indomitable.” “We’re so lucky we’re still alive to see this beautiful world. Look at the sky. It’s not dark and black and without character. The black is in fact deep blue. And over there! Lights are blue. And blue in through the blueness, and the blackness, the winds swirling through the air… and then shining. Burning, bursting through! The stars, can you see how they roll their light? Everywhere we look, complex magic of nature blazes before our eyes.” “You want weapons? We’re in a library! Books! The best weapons in the world!” “The universe is big, its vast and complicated, and ridiculous. And sometimes, very rarely, impossible things just happen and we call them miracles.“ "You know, sometimes winning… winning is no fun at all.” “ It seems to me there’s so much more to the world than the average eye is allowed to see. I believe, if you look hard, there are more wonders in this universe than you could ever have dreamt of.”
“Never cruel or cowardly. Never give up, never give in.”
“Letting it get to you. You know what that’s called? Being alive. Best thing there is. Being alive right now is all that counts.” “Violence doesn’t end violence. It extends it.” “A straight line may be the shortest distance between two points, but it is by no means the most interesting.” "Because every time you see them happy you remember how sad they’re going to be. And it breaks your heart. Because what’s the point in them being happy now if they’re going to be sad later. The answer is, of course, because they are going to be sad later.” “There are worlds out there where the sky is burning, and the sea’s asleep, and the rivers dream; people made of smoke and cities made of song. Somewhere there’s danger, somewhere there’s injustice, and somewhere else the tea’s getting cold.” “There is no indignity in being afraid to die, but there is a terrible shame in being afraid to live.” “Our lives are important, at least to us. As we see, so we learn.” “Isn’t it a better thing to travel hopefully than to arrive?” “Fear breeds hatred and war. I shall speak to them peaceably. They’ll see I’m unarmed; there’s no better argument against war than that.” “Life depends on change and renewal.” “Sad really, isn’t it? People spend all their time making nice things, and other people come along and break them.” “I want to see the universe, not rule it!” “Fear breeds hatred, your majesty. Fear is the greatest enemy of them all, for fear leads us to war.” “You shouldn’t feel ashamed of your grief. It’s right to grieve. Bert was unique. In the whole history of the world, there’s never been anybody just like Bert, and there’ll never be another, even if the world lasts for a hundred million centuries.” “Death is the price we pay for progress.” “Answers are easy. It’s asking the right questions which is hard.” “To the rational mind, nothing is inexplicable, only unexplained.” “Oh, come on! Don’t be upset. Yes, you’ve failed, you’ve failed. But failure is one of the basic freedoms.” “Have you noticed that people’s intellectual curiosity declines sharply the moment they start waving guns about?” “Try to understand something, Adric - because you get away with something, it doesn’t justify it.” “There’s nothing particularly masculine about throwing your life away.” “Unless we are prepared to sacrifice our lives for the good of us all, then evil and anarchy will spread like the plague.” “Nothing’s just rubbish if you have an inquiring mind.” “Happiness is nothing unless it exists side by side with sadness.” “Everything has its time. Everything dies.” “There’s no such thing as an ordinary human.” “I’m old enough to know that a longer life isn’t always a better one. In the end, you just get tired. Tired of the struggle. Tired of losing everyone that matters to you. Tired of watching everything turn to dust. If you live long enough, Lazarus, the only certainty is that you’ll end up alone.” “The human race… For such an intelligent lot, you aren’t half susceptible. Give anyone a chance to take control, and you submit. Sometimes I think you like it - easy life.” “Without death, there’d only be comedies. Dying gives us size.” “No I didn’t [kill anyone in the war]. No, I did not, no. But don’t say it like it’s shameful!” “Planets come and go. Stars perish. Matter disperses, coalesces, forms into other patterns, other worlds. Nothing can be eternal.”
“The data that was drained from the girl shows the Doctor’s long association with libertarian causes. His entire history is one of opposition to conquest”.
“This planet is just starting. These stupid little people have only just learned how to walk but they’re capable of so much more.”
“It was a wonderful creature capable of great good and great evil…Yes, I think you could say it was human.”
“You lot, you spend all your time thinking about dying, like you’re gonna get killed by eggs, or beef, or global warming, or asteroids. But you never take time to imagine the impossible. Like maybe you survive.”
“Great men are forged in fire.”
“Because you don’t need to own the universe, just see it.”
“You wanted advice you said. I never give it. Never. But I might just say this to you. Always search for truth. My truth is in the stars and yours is here.”
“We all change, when you think about it, we’re all different people; all through our lives, and that’s okay, that’s good, you’ve gotta keep moving, so long as you remember all the people that you used to be.”
“I did worse things than you could ever imagine. And when I close my eyes I hear more screams than anyone could ever be able to count! And do you know what you do with all that pain? Shall I tell you where you put it? You hold it tight till it burns your hand, and you say this: No one else will ever have to live like this. No one else will have to feel this pain. Not on my watch!”
“Because it’s always the same. When you fire the first shot, no matter how right you feel, you have no idea who’s going to die. You don’t know whose children are going to scream and burn. How many hearts will be broken. How many lives shattered! How much blood will spill… before everybody does what they were ALWAYS going to have to do from the very beginning! SIT. DOWN. AND. TALK.”
“The way I see it, every life is a pile of good things and bad things. The good things don’t always soften the bad things, but vice versa, the bad things don’t always spoil the good things and make them unimportant.”
“This is one corner… of one country, in one continent, on one planet that’s a corner of a galaxy that’s a corner of a universe that is forever growing and shrinking and creating and destroying and never remaining the same for a single millisecond. And there is so much, so much to see.”
"Fear doesn’t have to make you cruel or cowardly… fear can make you kind. It doesn’t matter if there’s nothing under the bed or in the dark, so long as you know it’s ok to be afraid of it. So, listen. If you listen to nothing else, listen to this. You’re always going to be afraid, even if you learn to hide it. fear is like… a companion. A constant companion, always there. But that’s ok. Because fear can bring us together. Fear can bring you home.”
“Fear makes companions of us all.”
“Let me tell you about scared. Your heart is beating so hard – I can feel it through your hands! There’s so much blood and oxygen pumping through your brain, it’s like rocket fuel. Right now, you could run faster and you could fight harder. You can jump higher than ever in your life. And you are so alert, it’s like you can slow down time. What’s wrong with scared? Scared is a super power! It’s your super power!”
“The least important things lead to the greatest dicoveries.”
“If you are so desperate to stay alive, why don’t you live a little?”
“Anger is always the shortest distance to a mistake.”
“Winning? Is that what you think it’s about? I’m not trying to win! I’m not doing this because I want to beat someone! Because I hate someone, or because I want to blame someone! It’s not because it’s fun. God knows it’s not because it’s easy! It’s not even because it works, because it hardly ever does! I do what I do because it’s RIGHT! Because it’s decent! And above all, it’s *kind*. It’s just that. Just kind.”
“Where there’s tears, there’s hope.”
“History is a burden. Stories can make us fly.”
“Only in darkness are we revealed. […] Goodness is not goodness that seeks advantage. Good is good in the final hour, in the deepest pit, without hope, without witness, without reward. Virtue is only virtue in extremis. This is what *he* believes, and this is the reason above all I love him, my husband. My madman in a box. My Doctor.”
“The universe shows its true face when it asks for help, we show ours by how we respond.”
“What’s the point of surviving if you never see anyone, if you hide yourself away from the world?! When did you last open the shutters?”
“Human progress isn’t measured by industry. It’s measured by the value you place on a life. An unimportant life. A life without privilege. That boy who died on the river, that boy’s value is *your* value.”
“It’s hard to talk about the importance of an imaginary hero. But heroes ARE important: Heroes tell us something about ourselves. History tells us who we used to be, documentaries tell us who we are now; but heroes tell us who we WANT to be. And a lot of our heroes depress me. But when they made this particular hero, they didn’t give him a gun–they gave him a screwdriver to fix things. They didn’t give him a tank or a warship or an x-wing fighter–they gave him a box from which you can call for help. And they didn’t give him a superpower or pointy ears or a heat-ray–they gave him an extra HEART. They gave him two hearts! And that’s an extraordinary thing. There will never come a time when we don’t need a hero like the Doctor.”
Hey! Just wondering, how did a solar eclipse prove the theory of relativity?
According to the theory of relativity space is not static. The movements of objects can change the structure of space.
In Einstein’s view, space is combined with another dimension - time - which creates universewide “fabric” called space-time. Object travel through this fabric, which can be warped, bent and twisted by the masses and motions of objects within space-time.
One prediction of general relativity was that light should not travel in a perfectly straight line. When traveling through space-time and approaching the gravitational field of a mass object, the light must bend-but not too much.
Then the English astronomer Sir Frank Watson Dyson proposed that the total solar eclipse of 1919 could prove, because the Sun would cross the bright Hyades star cluster. Star light would have to cross the gravitational field of the sun on the way to Earth, but would be visible due to the darkness of the eclipse. This would allow precise measurements of the positions displaced by the gravity of the stars in the sky.
Because of this, teams of researchers strategically positioned themselves in two locations that would initially provide the best conditions for observing the eclipse. One group stayed in Ilha do Príncipe, in São Tomé and Príncipe, and other researchers settled in Sobral, Ceará (Brazil).
Eddington, who led the experiment, first measured the “true” positions of the stars during January and February of 1919. In May, he went to remote Prince Island (in the Gulf of Guinea, on the west coast of Africa) to measure Positions of the stars during the eclipse, seen through the gravitational lens of the sun.
The total eclipse lasted about 6 minutes and 51 seconds, during those few minutes the astronomers captured several photos of the total eclipse. When Eddington returned to England, his data from Príncipe confirmed Einstein’s predictions.Eddington announced his discoveries on November 6, 1919.
3°Image:Negative of the 1919 solar eclipse taken from the report of Sir Arthur Eddington on the expedition to verify Einstein’s prediction of the bending of light around the sun.
Erkenci Kus (Early Bird) Series: English Subtitles
(Episode 1):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t6n_OaAwmQs&t=3120s
(Episode 2):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qIE42tLhGHw&t=4060s
(Episode 3):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iy4dcEYAasY
(Episode 4):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oUk-LXh0SAw
(Episode 5):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2X3sDYNAm0
(Episode 6):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tqd0QfFGLXQ
(Episode 7):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rzciNLJItiM&t=25s
(Episode 8):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dp1W1dz4kT4&t=1s
(Episode 9):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PMqMVjuYHpU
(Episode 10):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BVMxAt3Qp64
(Episode 11):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0wfFwVwP0I8
why is it always the woman who has to see past the beast in the man? (x)
My list of Mythology Moodbaords
Never forget that Timeless is so much more than ships:
“No body gets to decide our futures except us.” 1x15
“The present isn’t perfect but it’s ours.” 1x02
“I’m scared.” “I wouldn’t go into battle with you if you weren’t.” 1x02
“Do you ever wish you could go back to your old life?” “If I did I would always wonder if I was missing out on something better.” 1x03
“Figure out what you’re fighting for, and you’ll be alright.” 1x04
“I agree with him, but I trust you.” 1x04
“Because sometimes people need a leader who can wrestle a bear.” 1x05
“I left them to die. And they gave me a medal for it.” 1x05
“Real heroes don’t look at all like I pictured. They’re far from perfect. Bull-headed, stubborn, reckless. But also recklessly brave. They charge in without a thought to themselves. Not without fear or doubt but in spite of it. We are all scared. But we are going to fight and die anyway.”1x05
“Because the future matters.” 1x05
“I promise you, you won’t die for nothing here.” 1x05
“So that makes it okay?” 1x06
“That’s what history is, right? It’s choices. Some small, stupid. Some monumental. But we make them.” 1x07
“The women in this office have actual names.” 1x08
“I’m just a number cruncher.” “Not true.” 1x08
“You’re a good man, Mr. Hamer.” “Just trying to do the right thing” 1x09
“Anyone has to be open to possibilities.” 1x09
“I know you well enough by now to know that what you really believe in is helping people.” 1x10
“Fear isn’t real. Fear isn’t actually what’s happening. It’s just your reaction to it.”1x11
“What we’re doing; it’s right.” “I’m sure Flynn tells his guys the same thing.” 1x12
‘That’s all I watched when I was a kid. Gary Cooper and John Wayne. They never crossed the line. Good and bad, black and white. There was a code, you know? And then I go to war, and all I can think about is, “My God. "Those flicks are a bunch of crap.” Because nobody is that good.” 1x12
“When Ernest calls them the Lost Generation, he doesn’t mean aimless. He means battered. Broke down. But getting ready to stand back up.” 1x14
“No matter how hard it is, you have to do what’s right.” 1x15
“I used to think you were a monster, but I don’t anymore. I think you’re sad and you miss the people you love.” 1x16
“We are all so caught up in our grief and our past and pain, so we just continue to hurt more people.” 1x16
“We have to stop trying to fix the past and focus on the present.” 1x16
“It’s not too late.” 1x16
“The war is here whether we come to the battlefield or not.” 2x01
“Now you know; you can move on. Nothing ahead but the open road.” 2x02
“If they don’t like it, then screw ‘em.” 2x02
“You don’t have to defend your reputation to me. You’re not like the other women, and that makes people uncomfortable. So they mock you, and they tell you you’re stupid. But you refused to change. And then that makes people mad, so they attack you, call you evil. They call you a witch. I know that none of that is true. So you talk to birds, so you like dolls, so you refuse to confess to being something that you’re not. That’s brave. And I’m proud to be in your company.” 2x04
“You’re going to make the world a much better place. There are worse fates.” 2x05
“If you were my daughter, I’d be so proud.” 2x05
“Only if we give up hope.” 2x06
“Fanboys don’t save the world.”2x06
“To hell with oblivion.” 2x05
“If you think Alice can be reduced to one day and one speech then you really have no idea what all of this is about do you.” 2x07
“Marches and speeches don’t change the world.” 2x07
“You think that because you are smart enough or tough enough to make it into the boys club that everyone else should be able to make it too.” 2x07
“The grandest, most honorable battle is the losing one.” 2x07
Timeless is a story of family, friendship, redemption, renewal, hope, love, loss, forgiveness, choices, and the future.
Heroes come from where they are least expected.
History is about choices, not fate.
Sometimes the right choice is not the easy choice or even the choice that feels right.
People can change.
You have to be open to that change.
Dwelling on the pain of the past will never allow for healing.
Fear isn’t real.
What’s right and wrong isn’t always black and white.
Being broken and tired doesn’t mean you’re finished or lost.
Our heroes let us down.
Our parents disappoint us.
You always have something, someone to live for.
Anything can change the world in the hands of someone who cares enough to try.
The past and all its victories and failures, what we agree with and disagree with, are crucial in building a better future.
If you reduce this show to a battle of who falls in love with you then you are doing a monumental disservice to the revolution of TV that Timeless has brought us.
If you want to ask my questions about why I think these quotes are important just shoot me an ask, and I’ll be happy to explain. Or if you have a Timeless quote you particularly love, please add it! And tell me why it’s important to you.
“TESLA’S RAY.”
Time, July 23rd, 1934.
“He has produced nothing tangible for a long time, but he still remains one of the foremost living inventors of electrical apparatus. His day comes once a year. On his birthday Manhattan newshawks seek him out in some hotel, listen closely to his words. Wearing an outmoded brown suit, he received the Press one day last week in a Hotel New Yorker reception room. That day Nikola Tesla was 78.
"The first thing Nikola Tesla invented was a hook for catching frogs. That was not long after he learned to talk, in the Croatian hamlet of Smiljan where he was born. He studied physics and mathematics at two universities, got into telegraph engineering, went to Budapest, to Paris, to the U. S. in 1884 to work for Thomas Edison. Soon he had a research laboratory of his own. Four years later he patented the induction motor, first effective utilization of alternating current. He discovered the rotary magnetic field principle used today in the hydroelectric plants at Niagara Falls. He invented dynamos, transformers, induction coils, condensers, arc and incandescent lamps. He was acclaimed a great genius.
"All that was long ago and Tesla has lingered on into a twilight of semi-obscurity. His hotel room is now his only laboratory, his brain his only tool. When callers importune him he takes a bath or goes to bed. When he talks about his work his deep-set blue eyes burn with an icy fire. He walks prodigious distances through the city streets. His most valued friends are the New York Public Library’s somnolent pigeons. A life-long bachelor, Dr. Tesla is tall, spare, erect, parchment-skinned, beak-nosed. The mustache he once wore is gone.
"Even at the peak of his renown he had great visions. In 1900 he was ready to cure tuberculosis with oscillating electricity. In 1909 he promised motors capable of driving ocean liners at 50 knots. In 1911 it was storm-proof dirigibles without propellers. In the last decade his annual utterances have been mostly rehashes of previous interviews, with something new every three or four years. In 1924 he was planning to transmit power by radio. In 1927 he was scheming to harness sea power. In 1931 he would make all fuels superfluous by tapping cosmic energy. Last week Dr. Tesla announced a combination of four inventions which would make war unthinkable.
"Nucleus of the idea is a death ray — a concentrated beam of sub-microscopic particles flying at velocities approaching that of light. The beam, according to Tesla, would drop an army in its tracks, bring down squadrons of airplanes 250 miles away. Inventor Tesla would discharge the ray by means of: 1) a device to nullify the impeding effect of the atmosphere on the particles; 2) a method for setting up a high potential; 3) a process for amplifying that potential to 50,000,000 volts; 4) creation of “a tremendous electrical repelling force.” Two of these are complete in Dr. Tesla’s mind. The other two await minor details.
"Dr. Tesla pointed out that the weapon is purely one of defense, since his beam must be generated in great immovable power plants. With generators set up on all the world’s national boundaries, no country would ever again be able to attack another. Further details, said Dr. Tesla, would be unfolded before the Geneva Disarmament Conference.
"The death ray, always exciting to laymen, is an old familiar to scientists. After the interplanetary “space ship,” it is probably the most popular gadget in pseudoscientific fiction. Even in Herbert George Wells’s shrewdly written War of the Worlds (1898), the first act of arriving Martians is to spray spectators with a death beam. In real life death rays have been announced time & again, but never convincingly demonstrated. When one Harry Grinnell-Matthews loudly announced a death ray some years ago in England, Physicist Robert Williams Wood of Johns Hopkins said he would stand 65 ft. from the apparatus and invite Mr. Grinnell-Matthews to turn on his radiations full blast. Last month in Omaha the Inventors’ Congress was informed by its President Albert G. Burns that he had witnessed a death ray demonstration staged by a Clevelander named Antonio Longoria. Rabbits, dogs and cats, said President Burns, were killed instantly, their blood turned to water. But Inventor Longoria said he would withhold his secret until invasion threatened the U. S.
"Excellent is Dr. Tesla’s health, but he looks now & then beyond the grave. When he is reminded that in some quarters his pronouncements are written off as senile hallucinations. he replies with simple dignity: “The opinion of the world does not affect me. I have placed as the real values in my life what follows when I am dead.”
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