Adapted From A Workshop I Did At My High School Writing Center. One Of My More Helpful Powerpoints; Let

7.12.16 I’m taking calc II this coming fall, so I decided to review some old material by compiling my notes in a single, easy to read cheat sheet. For anyone taking calculus, here’s a comprehensive formula sheet from calc I (or calc ab for any ap students). Whether you’re just starting your first calculus course, or you want to brush up on old material, hopefully this will come in handy! Instagram: @prudent.student

Chapter 13: Urbanization Key Issue 1:Where Have Urban Areas Grown?

        Urbanization

·         The process by which the population of cities grows

·         Currently 400 cities have over 1 million inhabitants

There are two basic dimensions of urbanization:

        Increasing Percentage of People in Cities

·         The percentage of people living in areas determines the development of a country

o        In MDCs ¾ of people live in urban areas

o        In LDCs 2/5 of people live in urban areas

·         A consequence of changes in economic structure during the past two centuries is the higher percentage of urban residents in MDCs.

·         Rural residents have migrated from the countryside to work in the factories and services that are concentrated in cities. This results in the higher percentage of urban dwellers

·         In MDCs the process of urbanization that began around 1800 has largely ended, because the percentages living in urban areas cannot increase much more.

·         Recently, in LDCs, percentage living in cities has increased because of migration. This migration is due to workers looking for work.

        Increasing Number of People in Cities

·         MDCs have a higher percentage of urban residents, but in LDCs the cities are physically bigger.

·         6/10 of these most populous countries are in LDCs: Buenos Aires, Delhi, Jakarta, Seoul, Mexico City, Mumbai, and Sao Paulo.

·         The urban areas in LDCs dominate both lists of largest urban areas is remarkable, because urban growth historically has resulted from diffusion of the Industrial Revolution.

·         London was the world’s largest city in 1900.

·         The rapid growth of cities in the LDCs is a reversal of the historical trend in Western Europe and North America created by the Industrial Revolution and isn’t a measure of an improved level of development.

        Defining Urban Settlements

        Social Differences Between Urban and Rural Settlements

o        Louis Wirth, a social scientist, defined a city as a permanent settlement that has three characteristics: large size, high population density, and socially heterogeneous people.

·         Large Size

o        The social relationships within settlements are highly affected by the urbanization of the settlement.

·         High Density

o        Usually, when there’s a high number of people living in a small place, they all must have specific jobs in order to keep the settlement running.

·         Social Heterogeneity

o        Urban settlements tend to be more diverse and open to differences. In rural areas it is often expected to be like remotely similar to everyone else and unusual aberrations are more likely to be noticed and disapproved of.

        Physical Definitions of Urban Settlements

·         Legal Definition of a City

o        Defined as an urban settlement that has been legally incorporated into an independent, self-governing unit.  

o        In the U.S., a city that is surrounded by suburbs is sometimes called a central city.

·         Urbanized City

o        In the U.S., the central city and surrounding built up suburbs is called an urbanized area.

o        An urbanized area must consist of a central city plus its contiguous built-up suburbs where population density exceeds 1,000 people/persons per square miles.

·         Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)

o        Method of measuring a functional area of a city by the U.S. Bureau of Census

o        Includes:

·         Urbanized areas with a population of at least 50,000

·         Country within which the city is located

·         Adjacent counties with a high population density and a large percentage of residents working in the central city’s county.

o        An issue with MSAs is that some MSAs include an extensive of area that is not urban.

o        Micropolitan statistical areas are Smaller urban areas that includes

·         Between 10,000 and 50,000 inhabitants

·         County in which it is formed

·         Adjacent counties tied to the city

·         Overlapping Metropolitan Areas

o        A county between two central cities may send a large number of commuters to job in each.

o        BoshWash Corridor is the Megalopolis in the US that reaches from Boston to Washington DC

wheel of the year 

ESSAY WRITING 101: HOW TO GET A FIRST/A* IN ANY ESSAY

I’ve been preparing to start my masters after a one-year break from academia, so I’m a little apprehensive about getting into essay writing again. I found a great resource on my University’s website, giving a universal guide to writing a First Class essay. If you’re about to start your first year at uni, want a refresher, or are taking essay-based classes at your high school, this is the post for you!

C O M P R E H E N S I O N

Use a wide range of relevant sources, well understood and fully appreciated.

What do I need to do?

Read beyond the recommended reading given to you or the textbook in class. Can you explain what you’ve read to someone who isn’t studying your course - if not, do you really understand it?   

C R I T I Q U E

Ability to set sources and view points in context and evaluate contributions. Methodological awareness and theoretical appreciation.

What do I need to do?

I posted here about the WHAT-HOW-WHY paragraph structure. The critique is your WHY. WHY is the source written in that way? What was the context of the time or geographical location where it was written? Can either have impacted the writing? What are the limitations to the source - have they avoided discussing something that you believe vital to their argument? Critical thinking is the key to obtaining the highest marks in an essay.

A N A L Y S I S

Excellent answer to the question. Locates suitable concepts and makes a comprehensive assessment of issues involved. Understands the relevant theories and applies them to answering the question.

What do I need to do?

Answer the question. It seems silly but answer the question. What are you actually being asked to talk about, and are there any limiting factors (e.g. a specific time period)? Make sure that everything you’re saying is relevant to the question. If you’re anything like me, going off on a tangent is second nature. A good tip is to read your essay aloud to yourself - if you can sense you’re waffling on about something, then cut it out. 

P R E S E N T A T I O N

Well structured and planned. Clear, articulate style (good spelling, grammar, and syntax.) Proper referencing and bibliography. Confident presentation and appropriate length.

What do I need to do?

Plan plan plan. I never really understood the importance of proper essay planning before I got to University, but it really cannot be emphasised enough. Try and plan in a cyclical sense, taking a thematic approach to your writing and ensuring your main thesis argument is clear throughout your writing. It can be good to break one large essay into 2 or 3 smaller ones, but make sure that they are well connected and don’t read in a disjointed manner. Linking your introduction and conclusion can be an excellent way to ensure that your essay reads fluidly. Another top tip for writing a conclusion is to point your reader to further reading in the area you’re writing about - this helps to place your work as part of the academic conversation on the topic.

“I Send You Safety” Spell

A spell to send a friend or loved one protection and safety.

You Will Need:

❀ Salt ❀ Rosemary ❀ Angelica ❀ Dandelion Fluff ❀ Blue Lace Agate, Carnelian, or Garnet ❀ Name of your friend on a slip of paper ❀ White Sachet

Steps:

❀ Fill your sachet with the herbs, friend’s name and piece of crystal of your choice

❀ “I send you protection from all that may harm you, I send you the wish of safety, I send you the energies to keep you out of harms way.”

❀ Tie your sachet shut and gently kiss it it focusing on your desires to send your friend protection

❀ place your sachet in a window, if you can crack the window open to help send the energies to your friend. 

notes masterpost

Hi! OMG IM FINALLY DONE POSTING ALL MY NOTES HAHAH FINALLLYYYY!!!!

I understand it’s pretty hard to collate all my notes together, so I’ve made this masterpost!! :) + some abbreviation legend thing just in case you guys don’t understand the abbreviations i wrote hehe i hope you guys enjoyed these and that these notes helped!! thank you for sticking by me and my irregular posting schedules. Will continue to update this list when i post more notes in the future !!! xx

Biology Notes - based on Biology Matters for GCE ‘O’ Level (2nd Edition), by Marshall Cavendish

Chapter 2 - Cells

Chapter 3 - Movement of Substances

Chapter 4 - Nutrients

Chapter 5 - Enzymes

Chapter 6 - Nutrition in Humans

Chapter 7 - Nutrition in Plants

Chapter 8 - Transport in Humans

Chapter 9 - Transport in Plants

Chapter 10 - Respiration v1, v2

Chapter 11 - Excretion

Chapter 12 - Homeostasis

Chapter 13 - Nervous System

Chapter 14 - The Human Eye

Chapter 15 - Hormones

Chapter 16 - Cell Division v1, v2

Chapter 17 - Reproduction in Plants

Chapter 18 - Reproduction in Humans v1, v2 

Chapter 19 - Heredity

Chapter 20 - Molecular Genetics

Chapter 21 - Ecology

Chapter 22 - Our Impact on the Ecosystem

Chemistry Notes - based on Chemistry Matters for GCE ‘O’ Level (2nd Edition), by Marshall Cavendish

Chapter 1-7

Chapter 8-14

Chapter 15-20

Chapter 21-24

hello pals!! this is a masterpost of half (or so) of the reference posts i reblogged/made. i tried uploading this masterpost as just one big masterpost but i had over 250 links so that failed and here i am again. here is part one, encapsulating studying + certain subjects which will be followed by part two (slightly more general) here! enjoy ✨

studying, school, + learning

what i’ve learnt throughout my years of being a student

notes, studying, and self-study resources

self-study resources

starting a studyblr

college + uni

how to get studying

online study guides

good habits

exams!

study management

school is starting soon

back to school (1)

back to school (2)

back to school (3)

back to school reminders

50 things to know for back to school

get prepared for a new school year

school resources

final grade calculator

writing emails to professors

cheap textbooks etc!!

save money on textbooks

school

first week of school stuff

testing effect

make studying fun

high school tips

101 study tips

types of learners

lazy kid’s guide to good grades

catching up on missed work

university tag

igcse resources

sat tag

act tag

ap tag

ib tag

a-level revision tips

diy school supplies

test taking tips

a complete guide to studying (well)

time to study!

groupwork (1)

groupwork (2)

tips tag

study effectively from textbooks

studying better

surviving your least favourite class

studying a subject you hate

success

doing research

understanding the question

pomodoro

study tips

tactile learning

how to concentrate

concentration

exam day

ultimate study masterpost

study tips for exams

school survival

studying on the go

how to read academic journal articles

how to study smart

how to remember anything in 3 steps

distraction-free studying

motivation

my study instagram + study blog

+ motivation links

motivation masterpost

stay motivated

get that homework done!

reaching goals

getting motivated

motivation through anime

writing

writing tag

recover an unsaved draft

uni writing resources

add citations!

annotating (1)

annotating (2)

advice for writing papers

writing helps

essay writing tips

how to write an essay

writing term research papers

active vs passive voice

writing masterpost

academic writing resources

essay checklist

reduce your word count

essay writing links

how to write and execute a huge piece of work

summary writing

the discursive/argumentative essay

the narrative essay + the descriptive essay

note-taking

note-taking in class

cornell note-taking

cornell (2)

lecture notes

illustrating notes

banners

maintaining good notes

note-taking

sticky notes

flashcards

colour-code + highlight effectively

colour-coding

studying from textbooks

study guides

upgrade your notes

illustrate your notes

mind maps

note-taking for different lecture types

ribbon drawing

smart highlighting

lettering ideas

how i take notes

note-taking tips

aesthetically pleasing notes

fake cursive notes

languages + literature

the ultimate english masterpost

shakespeare

literature masterpost

annotating

studying a foreign language

100+ legal sites to download literature

approaching poetry analysis

write a killer unprepared text essay

literary analysis research papers

classics

how to ace lit

reading lit

write a rhetorical analysis essay

practice oral comprehension!!

how i study for english lit

poetry analysis (1)

poetry analysis (2)

how i learn languages

self-studying languages

languages tag

how to open a new book

literary devices

literaty devices w/ printables

literature masterpost

grow your vocab

a guide to vocab

language learning tips + resources

SUPER IMPORTANT FOR POLYGLOTS

tips + tricks for learning a language

chinese

english

french

german

greek

italian

japanese

korean

latin

maltese

polish

russian

spanish

swedish

humanities + other subjects

studying humanities subjects

gathering materials for a humanities research paper

philosophy

philosophy tag

psychology tag

politics + government

women of wwi

ap world history

coding

design resources

sciences + math

how to memorise diagrams

biology (1)

biology (2)

studying biology

biology help

biology note-taking

anatomy + physiology

physiology

physics

ap physics

chemistry (1)

chemistry (2)

chemistry note-taking

studying chemistry

maths tag

how to study for math

how to study math (1)

how to study math (2)

math (1)

math (2)

math (3)

10 tips to excel in maths

avoid carelessness in calculations

succeed in math without really trying

math resources and links

algebra (1)

algebra (2)

precalculus

geometry

space + astronomy (1)

space + astronomy (2)

hope this helps + please check out part 2 as well!! ilysm 💗 

ps here is a list of all my masterposts just in case 🐝

- helena xx

Just an experiment. Reblog if you actually give a fuck about male victims of domestic violence and rape.

Of fucking course

What sick bastard doesn’t

My Funeral Plans 💀 🍎

Because why not make everyone uncomfortable? This started as a joke, but now Idk.

I told some of my friends that I want an eco-burial. I first read about them in Mary Roach’s book Stiff (totally recommend).

With an eco-burial, they bury you in a giant biodegradable pod that looks like an egg. It’s eco-friendly and the egg symbolizes rebirth. So I am all about that.

And to make things better, they plant a tree on top.

I want the tree to be an apple tree, particularly a Northern Spy apple tree. Northern Spies are only ready after two solid frosts and they are an exquisite baking apple.

I want my friends and family members to pick the apples on Halloween and bake them into pies. The tree eats my corpse, it produces apples, my friends and family members eat the apples, and I live forever through them.

Also. Also. I want my gravestone to say “Eat Me.”