“If There Is Energy Within The Substance It Can Only Come From Without. This Truth Was So Manifest

Drake Equation

What do we need to know about to discover life in space? How can we estimate the number of technological civilizations that might exist among the stars? While working as a radio astronomer at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory in Green Bank, West Virginia, Dr. Frank Drake conceived an approach to bound the terms involved in estimating the number of technological civilizations that may exist in our galaxy. The Drake Equation, as it has become known, was first presented by Drake in 1961 and identifies specific factors thought to play a role in the development of such civilizations. Although there is no unique solution to this equation, it is a generally accepted tool used by the scientific community to examine these factors.

N = The number of civilizations in the Milky Way Galaxy whose electromagnetic emissions are detectable.

R∗ = The rate of formation of stars suitable for the development of intelligent life.

fp = The fraction of those stars with planetary systems.

ne = The number of planets, per solar system, with an environment suitable for life.

fl = The fraction of suitable planets on which life actually appears.

fi = The fraction of life bearing planets on which intelligent life emerges.

fc = The fraction of civilizations that develop a technology that releases detectable signs of their existence into space.

L = The length of time such civilizations release detectable signals into space.

Original estimates

R∗ = 1 yr−1 (1 star formed per year, on the average over the life of the galaxy; this was regarded as conservative)

fp = 0.2 to 0.5 (one fifth to one half of all stars formed will have planets)

ne = 1 to 5 (stars with planets will have between 1 and 5 planets capable of developing life)

fl = 1 (100% of these planets will develop life)

fi = 1 (100% of which will develop intelligent life)

fc = 0.1 to 0.2 (10–20% of which will be able to communicate)

L = 1000 to 100,000,000 years (which will last somewhere between 1000 and 100,000,000 years)

Within the limits of our existing technology, any practical search for distant intelligent life must necessarily be a search for some manifestation of a distant technology. In each of its last four decadal reviews, the National Research Council has emphasized the relevance and importance of searching for evidence of the electromagnetic signature of distant civilizations.

Besides illuminating the factors involved in such a search, the Drake Equation is a simple, effective tool for stimulating intellectual curiosity about the universe around us, for helping us to understand that life as we know it is the end product of a natural, cosmic evolution, and for making us realize how much we are a part of that universe. A key goal of the SETI Institute is to further high quality research that will yield additional information related to any of the factors of this fascinating equation. seti.org (read more)

This Is Why Scientists Will Never Exactly Solve General Relativity

“One of the most valuable lessons I ever got in my life came during the first day of my first college math class on differential equations. The professor told us, “Most of the differential equations that exist cannot be solved. And most of the differential equations that can be solved cannot be solved by you.” This is exactly what General Relativity is — a series of coupled differential equations — and the difficulty that it presents to all those who study it.

We cannot even write down the Einstein field equations that describe most spacetimes or most Universes we can imagine. Most of the ones we can write down cannot be solved. And most of the ones that can be solved cannot be solved by me, you, or anyone. But still, we can make approximations that allow us to extract some meaningful predictions and descriptions. In the grand scheme of the cosmos, that’s as close as anyone’s ever gotten to figuring it all out, but there’s still much farther to go. May we never give up until we get there.”

In our best theory of gravity, General Relativity, we can compute to arbitrary accuracy the effects on matter of any spacetime that we can write down. Unfortunately, most of the spacetimes that we can dream up in our head aren’t ones that we can write down, and most of the ones that we can write down can only be solved approximately, not exactly.

This is not a flaw nor a benefit: it is simply a property of the theory that we have. Is it the final answer? Perhaps not. But it’s the best one we’ve got so far. Here’s what it means.

How do you even write in circular gallifreyan? I tried to learn but i don't understand

Here’s my go for a Sherman’s Gallifreyan guide:

You start with drawing a circle:

Then you will look from the chart below (It only has consonants I’ll explain how vowels work soon) what kind of circle represents the letter you want to write.

Consonants take one of four forms and have dots, lines or neither. So if you want to write J it’s only one floating circle, K is the same kind of circle but with two dots and S is a half of circle with three lines. There is no C so you must write S or K instead depending on the sound.

For example the letter H looks like that ↑. The yellow part is the circle and two lines for H and the white circle is the word circle. The lines can go anywhere and if there are more letters that have lines they can also share lines.

Vowels are much smaller circles than consonants. They are usually attached to the preceding consonant, but they can also float on their own.

Those small circles which I have painted red and blue are the vowels.The photo shows where do they attach to different consonants (red circles) and how do they work on their own (blue circles).

I have added I to go with the H so that they form the word Hi

Here is the same word, but the letters are now seperatery and H shares one line with I. Both ways are correct. A vowel must stand on its own only when it has no consonant to attach to (a word starts with a vowel or you have two vowels in a row). Double letters are denoted by double circles. Words are read and written anticlocwise starting from the bottom.

Sentences are contained within two circles. The outer circle is to just to contain the sentence and the inner circle has punctuations. To fill empty space the inner circle also has those half circles which I have painted greeen in the photo below. They have no true meaning and they are done simply for style.

“Empress of Mars”I have marked the reading order with numbers. Just like a word, you read them starting from the bottom and then proceeding around anticlockwise. So you start the reading from the bottom with E. Number two is M, three is P, four is R, five is E and six a double letter SS. Then you move on to the next word. As you can see the consonants share some lines so it doesn’t look messy.

Punctuation are added along the edge of the inner sentence circle.For example dot is a small circle in the inner circle and apostrophe has two lines that go from the inner circle to the word circle.

“The idiot’s lantern” The apostrophe is coloured yellow.

Since I write Circular Gallifreyan very often I have made a photoshop document which has the charts and some frequently used words

(“muista” is Finnish for “remember” if you wondered. It’s to remind me about those lines)

The hardest thing about writing Circular Gallifreyan is making it look good and getting all the letters to fit nicely. I usually leave the other halves of half circles till I have the whole text done and then erase then.

This is a screenshot I took while doing the all things end -quote. At that time it didn’t even have all of the circles so you can believe it’s hard to remember which ones to erase.

That’s the finished quote ↑. It has several sentences and they are placed the same way as words to sentences and letters to words.

That’s the basics of it. I hope this clears things up for you. If not then just ask more. I’m bad at explaining things so I hope this is not too confusing.

Do you have a master list for your 100 imagines?

Here’s a list of everything:

My imagines:

The Walking Dead:

http://fantasy–friend.tumblr.com/post/115746545411/daryl-dixon-x-reader-a-bag-full-of-rats

Game of Thrones:

http://fantasy–friend.tumblr.com/post/112344935076/robb-x-reader-grandfathers-gift

http://fantasy–friend.tumblr.com/post/112720409206/jon-snow-x-reader-self-proclaimed-shame

http://fantasy–friend.tumblr.com/post/117952299351/jaime-sansa-once-burned-prompt-by

The Hobbit:

http://fantasy–friend.tumblr.com/post/112345827586/fili-x-reader-reminiscence

Sherlock:

http://fantasy–friend.tumblr.com/post/115837115726/sherlock-x-reader-a-study-in-mentality-pt-1

http://fantasy–friend.tumblr.com/post/118305392446/sherlock-x-reader-the-milk-bill

Marvel:

http://fantasy–friend.tumblr.com/post/116099341596/steve-x-reader-yours-alone

http://fantasy–friend.tumblr.com/post/120540114856/tony-stark-x-daughter-reader-youre-grounded

The 100:

http://fantasy–friend.tumblr.com/post/117702202501/murphy-the-100-x-reader-hot-heads-pt-1

http://fantasy–friend.tumblr.com/post/117711241521/murphy-x-reader-hot-heads-pt-2

http://fantasy–friend.tumblr.com/post/117837474026/murphy-x-reader-hot-heads-pt-3

http://fantasy–friend.tumblr.com/post/117868867961/murphy-x-reader-hot-heads-pt-4

http://fantasy–friend.tumblr.com/post/117947501071/can-you-write-about-bellamy-opening-up-to-the

http://fantasy–friend.tumblr.com/post/117967922596/murphy-x-reader-red-haze

http://fantasy–friend.tumblr.com/post/118008555906/murphy-x-reader-sister-or-leader

http://fantasy–friend.tumblr.com/post/118027564176/bellamy-x-reader-blessings-not-returned

http://fantasy–friend.tumblr.com/post/118031797281/murphy-x-reader-a-dark-and-stormy-night

http://fantasy–friend.tumblr.com/post/118057365311/clarke-x-reader-the-postcard

http://fantasy–friend.tumblr.com/post/118108949391/clarke-x-reader-the-postcard-pt-2

http://fantasy–friend.tumblr.com/post/118101815651/lexa-x-reader-dont-stop-to-sniff-the-flowers

http://fantasy–friend.tumblr.com/post/118135874441/raven-x-reader-confessions-are-old-tired-things

http://fantasy–friend.tumblr.com/post/118215915426/murphy-x-reader-called-it

http://fantasy–friend.tumblr.com/post/118302324666/murphy-x-reader-the-one-where-bellamy-wins

http://fantasy–friend.tumblr.com/post/118380465536/lexa-x-reader-take-it-off-its-not-what-you

http://fantasy–friend.tumblr.com/post/118468823991/clexa-snow-dancers

http://fantasy–friend.tumblr.com/post/118472990176/clarke-x-reader-ear-issues

http://fantasy–friend.tumblr.com/post/118505152551/harper-x-reader-baby-bird

http://fantasy–friend.tumblr.com/post/118632148466/murphy-x-reader-you-broke-it

http://fantasy–friend.tumblr.com/post/118716464246/lexa-x-reader-food-fight

http://fantasy–friend.tumblr.com/post/118789581646/bellamy-x-reader-look-like-the-innocent-flower

http://fantasy–friend.tumblr.com/post/119048456611/bellamy-x-reader-beasts-and-elephants-in-the

http://fantasy–friend.tumblr.com/post/119624962631/murphy-x-reader-underestimated

http://fantasy–friend.tumblr.com/post/119708235451/lexa-x-reader-lost-boy

http://fantasy–friend.tumblr.com/post/119922933516/bellamy-x-reader-come-over-here-and-make-me

http://fantasy–friend.tumblr.com/post/120092967801/bellamy-x-reader-the-four-times-you-tried-to

http://fantasy–friend.tumblr.com/post/120093713546/jasper-x-reader-jealous

http://fantasy–friend.tumblr.com/post/120284179791/murphy-x-reader-the-crow-silence

PARMESAN CRUSTED CHICKEN BREASTS

Hey guys! Here’s my second recipe that I’ve tried for you all :) I tweaked this recipe to be a little healthier and I hope you guys try it because it is simple, delicious, and a definitely crowd pleaser.

Cameron and I made this chicken when we had our friends Emily and Kyle over for dinner. Kyle is a football player for OU and he ate 3 chicken breasts! I would’ve too if I wasn’t sticking to my plan lol. It was a hit with everyone though, even Emily who is a super picky eater. Can’t wait to hear your success stories with this chicken! 

Each chicken breast is about 7 WW points. Paired with veggies or salad, it’s the perfect dinner!

Prep time: 10 mins

Cook time: 40 mins (in oven though, so don’t let that number scare you away!)

This recipe makes about 2-3 chicken breasts

Ingredients:

- chicken breasts

- ½ cup panko bread crumbs

- 1/3 cup grated parmesan cheese

- 2 tablespoons parsley (dry works fine!)

- pinch of salt

- pinch of pepper

- ¼ cup melted butter (this will not be completely used in the recipe, so don’t let the butter scare you away!)

- 3 tablespoons of lemon juice

- 2 garlic cloves minced (I buy already minced garlic, if you do also just use 2 teaspoons of minced garlic)

Instructions:

1. Preheat oven to 350*

2. Mix bread crumbs, parmesan, parsley, salt, and pepper in a plate.

3. Melt butter in microwave and then add lemon juice and garlic in same plate.

4. Coat both sides of chicken in the butter/lemon/garlic mixture. Make sure the garlic is sticking, sort of press it in

5. Move chicken to bread crumb/parmesan/parsley mixture and coat it in that. Make sure it’s fully coated, again pressing it into the chicken so it sticks. 6. Place chicken on non-stick pan or glass baking dish. When putting chicken on cooking pan, do not let them touch.

7. Bake for 40 minutes

8. Enjoy and send me a message letting me know your thoughts!

I changed this recipe a bit, but the original is from tasteandsee.com

Tasseography

•Tea leaf reading•

You might be wondering where this unusual form of divination came from, so here’s a short history on tasseography. Shortly after tea was introduced to Europe, tea leaf reading, as it’s now recognized, was born. Similar divination tools had been used with an assortment of other materials. The art of tea leaf reading spread through Europe, and is now practiced throughout the world.

Doing a tea leaf reading involves you indulging in a delicious cup of tea and putting your sharp intuitive skills to work. After you enjoy your warm cup of loose leaf tea, you’ll leave the loose tea leaves at the bottom, where some of these leaves will form symbols, each having their own meaning. That’s where your keen intuitive abilities come in! Anyone can see a triangle at the bottom of a teacup, but your job is to intuit what it means for you or the person you’re reading for.

WHAT YOU NEED FOR A TEA LEAF READING

Tea cup with a wide brim that’s light enough to easily see your tea leaves.

Saucer

Loose leaf green or black tea, preferably organic.

Napkins

Pen and paper

Water

HOW TO PERFORM A TEA LEAF READING

1. BREW YOUR TEA

Gather all of your materials. Boil your water. Place about a teaspoon of loose tea in your cup. Pour your water in and steep tea to your preference.

For the next 3 steps, if you’re doing a reading for someone else, have them do the following steps.

2. SIP & SWIRL

Before you take your first sip, gently swirl tea counter clockwise three times. Sip and enjoy your tea, but don’t drink it all! When there’s about 1 tablespoon of tea left in your cup, swirl it again 3 times counter clockwise and think about or speak your query aloud.

3. CREATE YOUR TEA READING CANVAS

Turn your cup upside down onto your saucer to remove the remaining water, allow it a minute or so to drain, then turn it back up right.

4. LOOK FOR SYMBOLS

Look over your loose leaf tea pieces and see if any symbols or shapes jump out to you immediately. Don’t fret if you don’t see anything immediately, similar to scrying with a crystal ball, it can take some time for imagery to form for you. Try looking at the inside of the cup from different directions to see shapes. Keep in mind the images formed are formed from tea leaves, so you will really need to use your imagination.

5. RECORD & DECIPHER YOUR FINDINGS

If you do start to see some shapes, begin writing them down on your piece of paper so you can decipher them later, note where in the cup they are too. Now you’re ready to decipher your findings! Here’s a guide for the most common symbols found during tea leaf readings:

6. UNDERSTAND THE TIMELINE

Where your tea leaves are situated in your cup relate to when they will happen. This is why some of the tea leaf reading cups you find have circles inside of them. Timing is broken into thirds as follows:

Bottom third: farthest away from happening, think 3-5 years out.

Top third: will be happening in the near future, think within the next few weeks.

Middle third: will happen in about a year from now.

7. FORM YOUR READING

Like most divination tools, a honed intuition is key for success, so be sure to lean on any gut instincts as you form the story for your reading. Once you understand the meaning behind the symbols it’s time to put all of the information into a story that makes sense for you or the person you’re doing a reading for.

🌙

I’m not like them

but I can pretend

the sun is gone

and I have a light

the day is done

and I’m having fun

I think I’m dumb