Where does agriculture originate?
When- Around 8,000 or 5,000 BCE. This is before recorded history, so its hard for historians to figure out an exact timeframe.
Agriculture- deliberate modification of the Earth to domesticate plants and to cultivate animals
Hunters and Gatherers; hunting animals, fishing, gathering fruits, nuts, berries and roots. Lived in small groups and nomadic because of food source.
Modern Day: Hunters and Gatherers are isolated, taking up only .05% of the population. These include; the Bushmen in Southern Africa, and the Aborigines in Australia.
Invention of Agriculture
Likely by accident
Aided by experiment, such as adding water, manure and composted material to see how crops grow better.
Types of Cultivation
Vegetative Planting: direct cloning from existing plants
ex: cutting stems and dividing roots
Seed Agriculture: most common today- the planting of seeds
Location of Agricultural Hearths:
There are multiple independent points of origin
1st Vegetative: South East Asia, Western Africa, Northwestern South America
1st Seed:
3 Eastern: Western India, Northern China and Ethiopia
2 Western: Central America, Northern Peru
Diffused quickly from Southwestern Asia- near the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers- where important advancements were made; the domestication of wheat, barley, and integration of domesticated animals
Classifying Agricultural Regions
LDC’s (Less Developed Countries): Substinence Agriculture- Production consumed by farmer + family.
MDC’s (More Developed Countries): Commercial Agriculture- for sale off the farm
Dana Note: These two are another distinction from LDCs and MDCs, which, are very important on the AP Test!
Purpose of Farming
LDCs- Purpose is for personal consumption but in surplus years some may be sold.
MDCs- Purpose is to sell.
Percentage of Farmers in Labor Force
MDCs- Less than 5%
LDCs- More than 55%
Use of Machinery
MDCs utilize greater technology and machinery to farm
Better transportation to market.
Farm Size (MDCs)
Large in commercial farming; the Average size is 435 Acres, or 17 Hectacres.
98% are family owned and operated.
Relationship of Farming to Other Businesses
Commercial Farming is tied to other businesses
Agribusiness- many other businesses involved in the food production industry.
Mapping Agricultural Regions
Related to climate & culture
Dana Note: This is because crops need certain conditions to grow, and for example, hog production is virtually nonexistent in Muslim Regions.
As always, be sure to read the chapter, and review Chapter Nine- which is like chapter one for the previous chapters. Everything ties back to it.
sooo i recently dropped my selenite sphere :( which was very upsetting. i saved all of the pieces and had been wondering how to best use them. i ultimately decided to make a powder.
selenite- purification, removes blocks to healing, angelic protection
eucalyptus seeds/ leaves- healing/protection/purification
jasmine- love/money/prophetic dreams
marshmallow root powder- protection/psychic powers/purification/love
these were the ingredients i decided on. i ground them all together, beginning with the selenite because it was the most difficult + i said a prayer and imagined my personal intentions for the powder. every ingredient i used is associated with the divine feminine, the element of water, and the moon, making it a super potent powder. i’m not going to be using this as a bath powder, i’ll most likely be using it in moon rituals/candle magik/floor washing etc. also, it smells nice and looks lovely :)
[[this would also work as a fertility powder. both selenite and marshmallow root powder are associated with fertility. also, the addition of the eucalyptus seeds, symbolizing birth/fertility]]
Cauliflower is 25 calories for 100 grams. The only thing I ate today was 200 grams of cauliflower and I feel like I ate a full meal, all for 50 calories. I put garlic, salt, and pepper on it and put it in the oven till it’s crispy. It’s AMAZING!!! Why have I not discovered this before?
(not actually a cinnamon roll but it tastes just like it)
here’s how:
1 tbsp of white flour (28 kcal) 1 tbsp of water 1 tbsp of 0kcal sweetener ½ tsp of cinnamon (3 kcal)
mix in a bowl or a mug or whatever and put in microwave! it tastes really good and helps if you’re craving something sweet.
notes masterpost
Hi! OMG IM FINALLY DONE POSTING ALL MY NOTES HAHAH FINALLLYYYY!!!!
I understand it’s pretty hard to collate all my notes together, so I’ve made this masterpost!! :) + some abbreviation legend thing just in case you guys don’t understand the abbreviations i wrote hehe i hope you guys enjoyed these and that these notes helped!! thank you for sticking by me and my irregular posting schedules. Will continue to update this list when i post more notes in the future !!! xx
Biology Notes - based on Biology Matters for GCE ‘O’ Level (2nd Edition), by Marshall Cavendish
Chapter 2 - Cells
Chapter 3 - Movement of Substances
Chapter 4 - Nutrients
Chapter 5 - Enzymes
Chapter 6 - Nutrition in Humans
Chapter 7 - Nutrition in Plants
Chapter 8 - Transport in Humans
Chapter 9 - Transport in Plants
Chapter 10 - Respiration v1, v2
Chapter 11 - Excretion
Chapter 12 - Homeostasis
Chapter 13 - Nervous System
Chapter 14 - The Human Eye
Chapter 15 - Hormones
Chapter 16 - Cell Division v1, v2
Chapter 17 - Reproduction in Plants
Chapter 18 - Reproduction in Humans v1, v2
Chapter 19 - Heredity
Chapter 20 - Molecular Genetics
Chapter 21 - Ecology
Chapter 22 - Our Impact on the Ecosystem
Chemistry Notes - based on Chemistry Matters for GCE ‘O’ Level (2nd Edition), by Marshall Cavendish
Chapter 1-7
Chapter 8-14
Chapter 15-20
Chapter 21-24
Hey guys! Here’s some advice for writing that rhetorical analysis essay on the ap lang/comp exam in a few weeks:
This should only be 3-4 sentences long. Don’t spend too much time on it! Make sure you cover the SOAPS.
This is how I like to do it:
speaker, occasion, subject (1 sentence)
purpose (1 sentence)
audience (1 sentence)
thesis (1 sentence)
Your thesis should tell what you’re proving about the effects of the author’s techniques– it shouldn’t straight up list the techniques you’re discussing! Also, your thesis will ideally be a complex-compound sentence, which means it will have at least one dependent clause and two independent clauses. That makes your writing more sophisticated!
Here’s an example thesis (that I wrote for an analysis of a single paragraph):
“As Martin Luther King Jr.’s ‘Letter from Birmingham Jail’ addresses the criticism of his actions and defends his methods, his twenty-third paragraph declares his complaints against the intransigence of the white moderate, defining the white moderate’s innate complacency as the single greatest obstacle in the Negro pursuit towards freedom.”
There should be 2-4 body paragraphs, depending on the length of the passage. Remember: go with the flow of the text, and don’t force yourself to write exactly 3 body paragraphs.
The paragraphs should be organized chronologically through the text, not by technique! This means sectioning the text by paragraph (1, 2, 3) or breaking it into parts (beginning/ middle/ end), depending on the format of the passage.
My body paragraphs generally follow this structure:
topic sentence- briefly describe what the paragraph is about. use transition words to identify the segment of the text you’re talking about
2-3 CSAs (basically examples)
claim: your position on the use of a rhetorical strategy
support: the quote, summary, or paraphrase of the text
analysis: explain how the strategy enhances the meaning and purpose of the text
synthesis to tie together the examples and state how they work together
closing sentence
Limit yourself to 2 strategies per paragraph to keep your essay focused. When writing under time constraints, I tend to be able to provide 2 examples of one strategy and 1 example of a second strategy, per paragraph, but that’s not a hard and fast rule.
Make this short and relevant. You’ll still have one more essay to go after this!
restate your thesis using different wording (1 sentence)
call to action, reflection, or extension (2-3 sentences)- it can be any of the following:
ask readers to evaluate the message of the piece
ask readers to agree with writer’s purpose
ask readers to examine how message is pertinent in modern-day
ask readers to reflect on the appropriateness of the piece in modern-day
another closing idea
Starve until you’re weightless 🖤
Migraine is a type of headache but is so much more then “just a headache”. It is a throbbing pain felt on one side of the head. It will often occur paired with other symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sounds. A migraine attack can be triggered by a lot of things ranging from loud noises or bright lights to simply drinking alcohol. Even certain foods can trigger a migraine attack. (Chocolate, onions, dairy, MSG, …) Also mentioned will be price point and relief of symptoms that worsen migraines such as muscle cramps, menstrual cramps, etc.
🔮 Crystals for Migraine 🔮 🔮Bixbyite: Relieves headaches and migraines, also helps against mild pain in general. Not to be confused with Bixbite (red Beryl). $ 🔮Chrysocolla: Controls head aches and head complaints, relieves migraines, reduces muscle spasms. $ 🔮Cordierite: Controls fluctuating body temperatures, relieves headaches and migraines, purifies toxins. $ 🔮Lolite: Purifies toxins, controls fluctuating body temperatures, relieves migraines.Often used as cheaper alternative to Sapphire due to similar appearance $ 🔮Magnesite: Helps to calm down and ease stress, loosen tension is muscles, alleviates menstrual pain, controls headaches and migraines. $ 🔮Rhodochrosite: Improves blood circulation, controls headachesm head complaints and migraines. $ 🔮Sodalite: Purifies blood, calsm and controls nerves, controls head aches and migraines, controls nausea. $ 🔮Turquoise: Alleviates menstrual pain, relieves headaches and migraines. $
🌿Herbs For Migraines🌿 🌿Butterbur: Used to treat headaches, fever, general pain and asthma. 🌿Coriander Seeds: Used to relieve sinus pressure and headaches. Hot water is poured over the seeds in order to inhale the steam. 🌿Dong Quai: Used in the form of a spice, tonic or medicinal cream to treat headache, fatigue and nerve pain. 🌿Feverfew: Traditionally used to treat headaches and insect bites. Modern application includes treatment of migraines, dizziness and inflamation. (might cause nausea!) 🌿Ginger: Traditional remedy for migraines, nausea, stomach pain and cold/flu symptoms. 🌿Honeysuckle: Used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat fever, inflamation,infecrions, sores,… It has been found to also treat migraine pain. 🌿Peppermint: Often used as a liquid capsule or topical solution. Treats spasms, nausea and tooth ache. Menthol is an active ingredient of peppermint and stops migraine when applied to temples and forehead. 🌿Valerian: Used for centuries to treat a number of ailments including insomnia, headaches and anxiety. ✨Migraine Care Tips ✨ ✨Keep your hands, feet and head warm. ✨A small amount of caffeine can help relieve pain. ✨Apply a hot compress to neck or head. ✨Lie down is a darkenned room. ✨Avoid loud noises, personally when i am lying in a dark room i put on some very soft white noise such as rainymood. ✨Do not skip meals! ✨Make sure to eat something when taking your migraine medication or the nausea will get worse. * Magick should never recplace your medication and/or doctor’s instructions and advice *
[Side note: I feel really bad for being inactive on here :( I tried to make bread so many times and I got really discouraged because I haven’t succeeded yet, so I just focused on other things. I’m really sorry, I hope to be more active soon!]
Anyhow! This is a really awesome, delicious recipe that has just the right amount of comfort-food flavour and for 20 kcal it’s much lighter too!
Ingredients:
one package shirataki pasta / noodles (0 kcal, may be more if flavoured)
0.5 tsp margarine (20 kcal)
salt, to taste (0 kcal)
garlic powder, to taste (0 kcal)*
*start with 0.25 tsp and work up, little by little. I personally just eyeball it :)
How-to:
Drain and rinse your shirataki noodles and heat until warm (I microwave on high for one minute). Remove excess water.
Add margarine, salt, and garlic powder and mix well.
Voila! Yumlicious~
Learning Languages and How to Make it Fun
(gifs not mine, credit to the artist)
How does a child learns? Immersion
So you gotta dive deep
Find songs that you like. You don't have to understand, you just have to enjoy the song.
Listen them at least once a day. The idea is for you to get familiar with the sounds.
Once you have already heard them too many times (without getting tired of them) look for the lyrics. In their native language, not a translation.
If you can read in that language, then try reading them. Print them if you have to or write them down (this is better) and as you listen to the song try to sing.
If there's a word/sentence you like because it sounds pretty, mark it.
If there's a word you don't know how to/can't pronounce, mark it.
For example, I have a journal in which I write Japanesse Kanji that I find beautiful (whether is because of the meaning or the symbol itself is pretty)
Once you are familiar with the song look for a translation.
Check those words you have marked with the translation.
While looking for definitions it's better if you find images (so can have an idea of what that word is) instead of a definition in your language (unless is a long/complicated concept).
Movies, you must watch movies in that language. Better if they are from that country. (It can also be a doubled movie, perhaps you could look for one of your favorites)
Watch them with subtitles (in your language) once or twice. Then watch them again but this time without subtitles or with subtitles of said language. (You already know the plot, so you can still understand what's going on)
If you like to read, look for children literature. It's easy and fun.
Keep reading even if you don't understand a single sh*t. It doesn't matter.
Mark again those words you like, don't know the meaning or can't pronounce.
Write at least one sentence every day. It doesn't have to be right, it doesn't have to be long or poetic, you just gotta write.
If you still don't know much about grammar (enough to formulate a sentence on your own) then write a quote from one of those songs, movies or books you read. Again it doesn't matter if you don't understand what are you writing.
If you already know another language, try to learn the new language with that one. For example, I learn german from english instead of my native language spanish.
Videogames. In my experience this is amazing. You have no idea idea how much I learned english just from games.
You have fun playing, engaged with a story, while constantly hearing the language. You don't even have to pay attention at what they are saying, eventually you'll figure it out. It's very intuitive.
And because games, usually, requires that you spend many hours playing you will have a lot of practice without actually studying.
Some games, if you look on the settings menu, even have other languages instead of english. For example I played Assassin's Creed Brotherhood in italian and french and AsC III in russian and japanese (the voice actors are fantastic).
Seriously, videogames are freaking amazing for learning.
The idea of this, is that you can imitate the learning process a child does, while also having fun and enjoying it. Kids learn by making mistakes, by playing with words and by being constantly surrounded with the language. At first, kids have no idea what they are doing, they just repeat what they see and hear. So it's okay if you don't know what are you doing, take that pressure off. This is not school/college, this is just you trying to learn a culture. So be kind and patient with yourself.
LEARNING SHOULD BE FUN, be creative with your methods and try everything (so you can find what you are comfortable with). It is scientifically proved that if you like what you are studying and having fun it will be 10x easier to assimilate and remember the knowledge you are acquiring.